{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970237015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.566","title":"The Pacific War battlefields: tourist attractions or war memorials?","display_name":"The Pacific War battlefields: tourist attractions or war memorials?","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970237015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.566","mag":"1970237015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jtr.566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172501620","display_name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","issn_l":"1099-2340","issn":["1099-2340","1522-1970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103706171","display_name":"Malcolm J. M. Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-4932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-4932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157921009","display_name":"Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ynn1n59","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157921009","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, 1-1 Jumonjibaru, Beppu-shi, Oita 874 9577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, 1-1 Jumonjibaru, Beppu-shi, Oita 874 9577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157921009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103706171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157921009"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90306156,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"213","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11104","display_name":"Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11104","display_name":"Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11198","display_name":"Japanese History and Culture","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pacific-war","display_name":"Pacific War","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battlefield-tourism","display_name":"battlefield tourism","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-memorials","display_name":"war memorials","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-national-identity","display_name":"Japanese national identity","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolationism","display_name":"isolationism","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-tourism","display_name":"war tourism","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postwar-japan","display_name":"postwar Japan","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7099883556365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.5916969776153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776687071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265193","display_name":"Destinations","level":3,"score":0.5916799306869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895508","display_name":"Battlefield","level":2,"score":0.5101718902587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.44506099820137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.443101704120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43206408619880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4138188064098358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4056248664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.39485135674476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2177172303199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12326115369796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.11486274003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08542138338088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jtr.566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172501620","display_name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","issn_l":"1099-2340","issn":["1099-2340","1522-1970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81802740","https://openalex.org/W175727796","https://openalex.org/W283674988","https://openalex.org/W580813455","https://openalex.org/W1570032529","https://openalex.org/W2013215864","https://openalex.org/W2035673771","https://openalex.org/W2041367488","https://openalex.org/W2044276615","https://openalex.org/W2044417387","https://openalex.org/W2101536068","https://openalex.org/W2125515699","https://openalex.org/W2261154117","https://openalex.org/W2999033130","https://openalex.org/W4252722726","https://openalex.org/W4300123839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2495183600","https://openalex.org/W3082163772","https://openalex.org/W2196116888","https://openalex.org/W631123955","https://openalex.org/W4253161886","https://openalex.org/W2612781455","https://openalex.org/W2215324606","https://openalex.org/W2765714719","https://openalex.org/W7207818137","https://openalex.org/W4387504839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"Pacific":[2,119,216,222],"War":[3,9,217],"segment":[4],"of":[5,18,37,42,79,114,170,174,221,245],"the":[6,15,25,29,57,59,67,71,80,98,118,122,125,132,137,171,188,202,208,215,219,241],"Second":[7],"World":[8],"provides":[10],"several":[11],"important":[12],"sites":[13],"in":[14,56,92,117,136,144,162,167,197,214],"touristic":[16],"geography":[17],"war":[19],"and":[20,40,63,101,139,227,233,243],"peace":[21],"today\u2014the":[22],"more":[23,30,50,149],"violent":[24],"particular":[26],"conflict":[27],"area,":[28],"\u2018attractions\u2019":[31],"it":[32],"appears":[33],"to":[34,96,104,231,237],"provide.":[35],"Discussion":[36],"Japanese":[38,43,60],"involvement":[39,116,213],"therefore":[41],"battlefield":[44,238],"tourism":[45,239],"has,":[46],"however,":[47],"been":[48,76,86,141,164],"made":[49],"problematic":[51],"by":[52],"a":[53,142],"curious":[54],"paradox":[55],"way":[58,199],"see":[61],"themselves":[62],"their":[64,115],"country":[65,126],"on":[66,157,178,183,211],"world":[68,100,138],"stage.":[69],"On":[70,121],"one":[72],"hand":[73,124],"there":[74],"has":[75,84,140,161],"assiduous":[77],"promotion":[78],"idea":[81],"that":[82],"Japan":[83,190],"always":[85],"an":[87,112],"isolated":[88],"island":[89],"nation,":[90],"poor":[91],"natural":[93],"resources,":[94],"unable":[95],"understand":[97],"outside":[99],"constantly":[102],"struggling":[103],"break":[105],"from":[106],"Edo":[107],"period":[108],"isolationist":[109],"shackles":[110],"as":[111,131,187,195,224],"explanation":[113],"War.":[120],"other":[123],"now":[127],"enjoys":[128],"its":[129,179,184],"status":[130],"second":[133],"largest":[134],"economy":[135],"leader":[143],"rapid":[145],"economic":[146],"development":[147,220],"for":[148,201],"than":[150],"60":[151],"years":[152],"since":[153],"1945,":[154],"based":[155],"solely":[156],"internationalisation.":[158],"This":[159,205],"dichotomy":[160],"fact":[163],"very":[165],"useful":[166],"avoiding":[168],"discussion":[169],"actual":[172],"impact":[173],"Japan's":[175,212],"imperial":[176],"past":[177],"subject":[180],"peoples":[181],"(and":[182],"own":[185],"veterans),":[186],"new":[189],"should":[191],"not":[192],"be":[193],"seen":[194],"being":[196],"any":[198],"responsible":[200],"old":[203],"Japan.":[204],"paper":[206],"discusses":[207],"ongoing":[209],"debate":[210],"1941\u201345,":[218],"battlefields":[223],"tourist":[225],"destinations,":[226],"makes":[228],"some":[229],"attempt":[230],"portray":[232],"explain":[234],"present\u2010day":[235],"attitudes":[236],"amongst":[240],"veterans":[242],"populations":[244],"both":[246],"sides.":[247],"Copyright":[248],"\u00a9":[249],"2006":[250],"John":[251],"Wiley":[252],"&":[253],"Sons,":[254],"Ltd.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}