{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970031095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1950.01250020026004","title":"BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE (ZEPHIRAN CHLORIDE\u00ae) AS A SKIN DISINFECTANT","display_name":"BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE (ZEPHIRAN CHLORIDE\u00ae) AS A SKIN DISINFECTANT","publication_year":1950,"publication_date":"1950-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970031095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1950.01250020026004","mag":"1970031095","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15426542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archsurg.1950.01250020026004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1950.01250020026004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1950.01250020026004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61251237","display_name":"Archives of Surgery","issn_l":"0004-0010","issn":["0004-0010","0272-5533","1538-3644","2376-3590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111663150","display_name":"Philip B. Price","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"PHILIP B. PRICE","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111663150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12857143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"1","first_page":"23","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.05389999970793724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11080","display_name":"Surgical site infection prevention","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzalkonium-chloride","display_name":"benzalkonium chloride","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-disinfectants","display_name":"skin disinfectants","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quaternary-ammonium-salts","display_name":"quaternary ammonium compounds","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cationic-detergents","display_name":"cationic detergents","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-disinfection","display_name":"hand disinfection","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-tension","display_name":"surface tension","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicity","display_name":"toxicity","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-irritation","display_name":"skin irritation","score":0.8539999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775919038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108126784","display_name":"Benzalkonium chloride","level":2,"score":0.9858008623123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73984","display_name":"Disinfectant","level":2,"score":0.861822247505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156185480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12458398","display_name":"Cetrimide","level":3,"score":0.68918776512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778695967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44791900","display_name":"Chloride","level":2,"score":0.6223883032798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183882617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046749","display_name":"Cationic polymerization","level":2,"score":0.597808301448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5885674953460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779660836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188543","display_name":"Ammonium chloride","level":2,"score":0.5593205690383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49735497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445580","display_name":"Keratolytic","level":2,"score":0.5441937446594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425362","display_name":"Hexachlorophene","level":2,"score":0.5245726108551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5039138197898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22326093912124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.21507611870765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.20353227853775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.1372099220752716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777084678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15646788","display_name":"Chlorhexidine","level":2,"score":0.09293687343597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07201629877090454}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001548","descriptor_name":"Benzalkonium Compounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004202","descriptor_name":"Disinfectants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004203","descriptor_name":"Disinfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013242","descriptor_name":"Sterilization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archsurg.1950.01250020026004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1950.01250020026004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1950.01250020026004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61251237","display_name":"Archives of Surgery","issn_l":"0004-0010","issn":["0004-0010","0272-5533","1538-3644","2376-3590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15426542","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15426542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1920)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.82669997215271,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977280708","https://openalex.org/W1978678031","https://openalex.org/W2000447220","https://openalex.org/W2020793864","https://openalex.org/W2034020049","https://openalex.org/W2035184833","https://openalex.org/W2047076607","https://openalex.org/W2092961419","https://openalex.org/W2331135101","https://openalex.org/W2419266712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002749167","https://openalex.org/W2010921315","https://openalex.org/W2092961419","https://openalex.org/W4236282765","https://openalex.org/W2115046507","https://openalex.org/W1967256673","https://openalex.org/W2507247956","https://openalex.org/W2273680061","https://openalex.org/W2403846952","https://openalex.org/W2466274655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BENZALKONIUM":[0],"chloride":[1,131],"(zephiran":[2],"chloride\u00ae),":[3],"introduced":[4],"by":[5],"Domagk1in":[6],"1935,":[7],"has":[8],"become":[9],"a":[10,78],"popular":[11],"disinfectant.":[12],"A":[13],"recent":[14],"survey2shows":[15],"that":[16],"in":[17,23,36,124],"America":[18],"it":[19,76,112],"is":[20,50,77,82,95,106],"currently":[21],"used":[22,57],"approximately":[24],"one":[25,37],"seventh":[26],"of":[27,32,39,44,59,64],"the":[28,33,40,45,51,60,91,121],"hospitals":[29,41],"for":[30,42,47],"disinfection":[31],"hands":[34],"and":[35,54,72,87,138],"half":[38],"preparation":[43],"field":[46],"operation.":[48],"It":[49,81,94,105],"best":[52],"known":[53],"most":[55],"widely":[56],"member":[58],"rapidly":[61],"growing":[62],"group":[63],"quarternary":[65],"ammonium":[66],"compounds.":[67],"In":[68,109],"contrast":[69],"to":[70,84,126,135],"soap":[71],"other":[73],"anionic":[74],"substances,":[75],"cationic":[79],"detergent.":[80],"said":[83],"have":[85],"keratolytic":[86],"emollient":[88],"action.3ItspHis":[89],"near":[90],"neutral":[92],"point.":[93],"an":[96],"efficient":[97],"wetting":[98],"agent,":[99],"with":[100],"relatively":[101],"low":[102],"surface":[103],"tension.":[104],"chemically":[107],"stable.":[108],"ordinary":[110],"concentrations":[111],"exhibits":[113],"little":[114],"if":[115],"any":[116],"toxicity4and":[117],"does":[118],"not":[119],"irritate":[120],"skin.":[122],"If,":[123],"addition":[125],"these":[127],"desirable":[128],"qualities,":[129],"benzalkonium":[130],"can":[132],"be":[133,136],"shown":[134],"strongly":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}