{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970000475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.933634x","title":"Defoliation Effects on Sunflower Yield Reduction","display_name":"Defoliation Effects on Sunflower Yield Reduction","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970000475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.933634x","mag":"1970000475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj2001.933634x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.933634x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.933634x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110270461","display_name":"Julio Muro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julio Muro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. Producci\u00f3n Agraria Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra  Pamplona (Navarra) Spain 31006"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. Producci\u00f3n Agraria Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra  Pamplona (Navarra) Spain 31006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005394057","display_name":"Ignacio Irigoyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-7936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-7936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio Irigoyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. Producci\u00f3n Agraria Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra  Pamplona (Navarra) Spain 31006"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. Producci\u00f3n Agraria Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra  Pamplona (Navarra) Spain 31006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050599146","display_name":"Ana F. Militino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-3919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-3919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana F. Militino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. Estad\u00edstica e Investigaci\u00f3n Operativa Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra  Pamplona (Navarra) Spain 31006"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. Estad\u00edstica e Investigaci\u00f3n Operativa Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra  Pamplona (Navarra) Spain 31006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073536752","display_name":"Carmen Lamsfus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Lamsfus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. Ciencias del Medio Natural. Dep. de Producci\u00f3n Agraria Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra  Pamplona (Navarra) Spain 31006"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. Ciencias del Medio Natural. Dep. de Producci\u00f3n Agraria Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra  Pamplona (Navarra) Spain 31006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110270461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"3","first_page":"634","last_page":"637"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunflower","display_name":"sunflower","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defoliation","display_name":"defoliation","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-loss","display_name":"yield loss","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-loss","display_name":"leaf area loss","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-stage-sensitivity","display_name":"growth stage sensitivity","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hail-damage","display_name":"hail damage","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-and-disease-damage","display_name":"pest and disease damage","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1000-grain-weight","display_name":"1000-grain weight","score":0.9860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423986","display_name":"Sunflower","level":2,"score":0.9102276563644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778181364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171497","display_name":"Helianthus annuus","level":3,"score":0.7551500797271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6726030707359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6198868751525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5947303175926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5900958776473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.4224736988544464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988270110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17080711","display_name":"Crop management","level":3,"score":0.41204118728637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj2001.933634x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.933634x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.933634x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129061762","https://openalex.org/W1963991288","https://openalex.org/W1989732899","https://openalex.org/W2003518205","https://openalex.org/W2046146717","https://openalex.org/W2094276889","https://openalex.org/W2797936724","https://openalex.org/W4312554042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003518205","https://openalex.org/W2369346025","https://openalex.org/W2020627784","https://openalex.org/W2275291030","https://openalex.org/W1989732899","https://openalex.org/W1946628858","https://openalex.org/W2981059609","https://openalex.org/W2047161022","https://openalex.org/W4411285881","https://openalex.org/W1963991288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantifying":[0],"the":[1,22,43,49,63,83,145,155,165,220],"effect":[2,37,58,200],"of":[3,24,34,38,73,77,85,91,139,154,167,181],"leaf":[4,156],"area":[5],"loss":[6,134,205],"on":[7,42,48,201],"sunflower":[8,86],"(Helianthus":[9],"annuus":[10],"L.)":[11],"yield":[12,133,161,189,204],"caused":[13,186,206],"by":[14,109,207],"hail,":[15],"pests,":[16],"and":[17,31,47,118,171],"diseases":[18],"is":[19],"important":[20],"in":[21,62,159],"management":[23],"this":[25,54,78,149],"crop,":[26],"both":[27,164],"from":[28,125,219],"a":[29,151,183,187],"technical":[30],"economic":[32],"point":[33],"view.":[35],"The":[36,75,203],"defoliation":[39,92,112,153,176,197,208],"depends,":[40],"however,":[41],"foliar":[44],"surface":[45,157],"eliminated":[46],"growth":[50,98,102,122,212],"stage":[51,142,150,178,193],"at":[52,96,120,177,192,209],"which":[53],"takes":[55],"place.":[56],"This":[57],"has":[59],"been":[60],"quantified":[61],"USA,":[64],"but":[65],"these":[66],"data":[67],"are":[68],"lacking":[69],"for":[70,223],"specific":[71],"conditions":[72,216],"Europe.":[74],"aim":[76],"paper":[79],"was":[80,144],"to":[81,88,128],"determine":[82],"response":[84],"cultivation":[87],"several":[89],"levels":[90],"that":[93],"took":[94],"place":[95],"different":[97,121,210],"stages":[99,123,213],"under":[100,214],"European":[101,215],"conditions.":[103,225],"Four":[104],"field":[105],"trials":[106],"were":[107],"conducted":[108],"applying":[110],"four":[111],"treatments":[113],"(nondefoliated":[114],"control,":[115],"33,":[116],"66,":[117],"100%)":[119],"ranging":[124],"preflowering":[126],"(R2)":[127],"physiological":[129],"maturity":[130],"(R9).":[131],"Crop":[132],"increased":[135],"with":[136],"increasing":[137],"level":[138],"defoliation.":[140],"Preflowering":[141],"R3":[143],"most":[146],"sensitive.":[147],"At":[148],"100%":[152,175],"resulted":[158],"92%":[160],"loss,":[162,190],"reducing":[163],"number":[166],"seeds":[168],"per":[169],"head":[170,182],"1000\u2010seed":[172],"weight.":[173],"A":[174],"R7":[179],"(back":[180],"pale":[184],"yellow)":[185],"50%":[188],"while":[191],"R9":[194],"(physiological":[195],"maturity)":[196],"had":[198],"no":[199],"yield.":[202],"plant":[211],"differed":[217],"slightly":[218],"one":[221],"designed":[222],"U.S.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}