{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969952876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3854.677","title":"A Hyperpolarizing Component of the Receptor Potential in the Median Ocellus of Limulus","display_name":"A Hyperpolarizing Component of the Receptor Potential in the Median Ocellus of Limulus","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969952876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3854.677","mag":"1969952876","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5687817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.162.3854.677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3854.677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3854.677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110040842","display_name":"John Nolte","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Nolte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103346055","display_name":"Joel E. Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel E. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"T. G. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110767","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. G. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Bethesda, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Bethesda, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83687083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"162","issue":"3854","first_page":"677","last_page":"679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.3783999979496002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.3783999979496002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.18690000474452972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10423","display_name":"Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research","score":0.1695999950170517,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor-potential","display_name":"receptor potential","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-ocellus","display_name":"median ocellus","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limulus","display_name":"Limulus","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoreceptors","display_name":"photoreceptors","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultraviolet-radiation","display_name":"ultraviolet radiation","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light","display_name":"visible light","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photopigments","display_name":"photopigments","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biphasic-response","display_name":"biphasic response","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crustacean-vision","display_name":"crustacean vision","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776487282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2104567","display_name":"Limulus","level":2,"score":0.8785211443901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189780591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187882","display_name":"Photopigment","level":3,"score":0.847827672958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4141045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83183","display_name":"Depolarization","level":2,"score":0.8447527885437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88367079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292959","display_name":"Receptor potential","level":3,"score":0.777781069278717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5724027752876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987116853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet light","level":2,"score":0.5372905731201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.5371260046958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5255723595619202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776798109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet","level":2,"score":0.4933690130710602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2957131266593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.2634667158126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.23307263851165771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2214258313179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.15695807337760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12451231479644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.07257935404777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003445","descriptor_name":"Crustacea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009799","descriptor_name":"Ocular Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010860","descriptor_name":"Pigments, Biological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011830","descriptor_name":"Radiation Effects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011984","descriptor_name":"Sensory Receptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011984","descriptor_name":"Sensory Receptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.162.3854.677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3854.677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3854.677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:5687817","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5687817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987032490","https://openalex.org/W1992572576","https://openalex.org/W2002839850","https://openalex.org/W2014054527","https://openalex.org/W2033866229","https://openalex.org/W2063741581","https://openalex.org/W2069436624","https://openalex.org/W2084607456","https://openalex.org/W2110340799","https://openalex.org/W2409164130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147396039","https://openalex.org/W7100110541","https://openalex.org/W2143225284","https://openalex.org/W1992629333","https://openalex.org/W7095746439","https://openalex.org/W2033866229","https://openalex.org/W2066922003","https://openalex.org/W2070164325","https://openalex.org/W2158441104","https://openalex.org/W7095615255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,82,91],"two":[2,83],"classes":[3],"of":[4,11,15,43,64,96],"photoreceptor":[5],"cells":[6,16],"in":[7,85,93],"the":[8,61,70,94],"median":[9],"ocellus":[10],"Limulus.":[12],"One":[13],"class":[14,42],"respond":[17,45],"to":[18,29,49,57],"long":[19],"wavelength":[20],"(visible)":[21],"stimuli":[22],"with":[23,33,46,53],"a":[24,34,47,54],"depolarizing":[25],"receptor":[26,38,97],"potential":[27],"and":[28,52,88],"near":[30,50,74],"ultraviolet":[31,51,75],"light":[32,67],"biphasic,":[35],"initially":[36],"hyperpolarizing,":[37],"potential.":[39,98],"The":[40,77],"other":[41],"receptors":[44],"depolarization":[48,71],"biphasic":[55],"response":[56],"visible":[58,66],"light.":[59,76],"In":[60],"latter":[62],"type":[63],"cell,":[65],"can":[68],"counteract":[69],"elicited":[72],"by":[73],"evidence":[78],"suggests":[79],"that":[80,89],"there":[81],"photopigments":[84],"each":[86],"cell":[87],"both":[90],"involved":[92],"generation":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}