{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969951492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s010876730300521x","title":"The phase problem in neutron crystallography","display_name":"The phase problem in neutron crystallography","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969951492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s010876730300521x","mag":"1969951492","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1107/s010876730300521x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s010876730300521x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s010876730300521x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150871906","display_name":"Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography","issn_l":"0108-7673","issn":["0108-7673","1600-5724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084474101","display_name":"Herbert A. Hauptman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1287610024","display_name":"Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02e1cpg76","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287610024"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbert A. Hauptman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Inc., 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1196, USA. hauptman@hwi.buffalo.edu","Hauptman\u2010Woodward Medical Research Institute, Inc., 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203\u20101196, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Inc., 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1196, USA. hauptman@hwi.buffalo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287610024"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hauptman\u2010Woodward Medical Research Institute, Inc., 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203\u20101196, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287610024"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113580205","display_name":"David A. Langs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1287610024","display_name":"Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02e1cpg76","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287610024"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Langs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hauptman\u2013Woodward Medical Research Institute, Inc., 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1196, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hauptman\u2013Woodward Medical Research Institute, Inc., 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1196, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287610024"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287610024"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81022484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"3","first_page":"250","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.3752000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.3752000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.3149000108242035,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12613","display_name":"X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography","score":0.2046000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-problem","display_name":"phase problem","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-crystallography","display_name":"neutron crystallography","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclosporine","display_name":"cyclosporine","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-diffraction","display_name":"neutron diffraction","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-structure-determination","display_name":"crystal structure determination","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73585123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910499","display_name":"Neutron diffraction","level":3,"score":0.7298613786697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102056067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4412028","display_name":"Phase problem","level":3,"score":0.6442528963088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.6279982328414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.6213674545288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5293643474578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152568617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2348","display_name":"Neutron","level":2,"score":0.523244321346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.4760972261428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115624301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901","display_name":"Crystal structure","level":2,"score":0.3682224154472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2997143566608429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24553167819976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.14355045557022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10383805632591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.06306621432304382}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008958","descriptor_name":"Models, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016572","descriptor_name":"Cyclosporine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033363","descriptor_name":"Neutron Diffraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1107/s010876730300521x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s010876730300521x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s010876730300521x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150871906","display_name":"Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography","issn_l":"0108-7673","issn":["0108-7673","1600-5724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12714776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of crystallography","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4915256299","display_name":"NEW METHODS OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE DETERMINATION","funder_award_id":"P01GM046733","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969182112","https://openalex.org/W1981619090","https://openalex.org/W1987202977","https://openalex.org/W2015335500","https://openalex.org/W2032056916","https://openalex.org/W2057902160","https://openalex.org/W2058397939","https://openalex.org/W2075640107","https://openalex.org/W2083115119","https://openalex.org/W2108650053","https://openalex.org/W2150088104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2332402854","https://openalex.org/W2072208551","https://openalex.org/W1985528692","https://openalex.org/W2002409669","https://openalex.org/W4301394929","https://openalex.org/W2152708156","https://openalex.org/W4388499316","https://openalex.org/W2519334294","https://openalex.org/W2334219625","https://openalex.org/W52730451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,39],"straightforward":[1],"solution":[2],"of":[3,7,25],"the":[4,23,26,36,43],"crystal":[5],"structure":[6],"cyclosporin":[8],"(C(62)H(111)N(11)O(12).H(2)O)":[9],"by":[10],"a":[11,31,51],"modified":[12],"Shake-and-Bake":[13],"procedure,":[14],"using":[15],"experimental":[16],"neutron":[17],"diffraction":[18],"data":[19],"alone,":[20],"shows":[21],"that":[22,46],"positivity":[24,47],"density":[27],"function":[28],"is":[29],"not":[30],"necessary":[32],"prerequisite":[33],"for":[34],"solving":[35],"phase":[37],"problem.":[38],"initial":[40],"applications":[41],"suggest":[42],"intriguing":[44],"possibility":[45],"may":[48],"actually":[49],"be":[50],"hindrance.":[52]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
