{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969055673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.639","title":"Race and Policing: A Study of Police Custody","display_name":"Race and Policing: A Study of Police Custody","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969055673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.639","mag":"1969055673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bjc/40.4.639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27273401","display_name":"The British Journal of Criminology","issn_l":"0007-0955","issn":["0007-0955","1464-3529"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006946904","display_name":"Nadia Joanne Britton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. J. Britton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006946904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4050,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":5341},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96167743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"4","first_page":"639","last_page":"658"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.03830000013113022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policing","display_name":"policing","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-custody","display_name":"police custody","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-inequality-in-policing","display_name":"racial inequality in policing","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-discrimination","display_name":"racial discrimination","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minorities","display_name":"ethnic minorities","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6703499555587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5832165479660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4672159254550934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4309346079826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3341723680496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.11727392673492432}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bjc/40.4.639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27273401","display_name":"The British Journal of Criminology","issn_l":"0007-0955","issn":["0007-0955","1464-3529"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109077689","https://openalex.org/W561008219","https://openalex.org/W568692843","https://openalex.org/W591721257","https://openalex.org/W612681228","https://openalex.org/W619014106","https://openalex.org/W632168761","https://openalex.org/W1510113079","https://openalex.org/W1511910600","https://openalex.org/W1941762603","https://openalex.org/W1979419289","https://openalex.org/W2030093585","https://openalex.org/W2039435377","https://openalex.org/W2060470163","https://openalex.org/W2063910983","https://openalex.org/W2283693076","https://openalex.org/W2325061176","https://openalex.org/W2325497155","https://openalex.org/W2339501977","https://openalex.org/W2734489963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7149933198","https://openalex.org/W588561507","https://openalex.org/W7098698247","https://openalex.org/W6982769363","https://openalex.org/W2594927104","https://openalex.org/W1572325653","https://openalex.org/W2582290387","https://openalex.org/W2516262974","https://openalex.org/W3110821264","https://openalex.org/W2611835383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nadia":[0],"Joanne":[1],"Britton;":[2],"Race":[3],"and":[4],"Policing:":[5],"A":[6],"Study":[7],"of":[8,14],"Police":[9],"Custody,":[10],"The":[11],"British":[12],"Journal":[13],"Criminology,":[15],"Volume":[16],"40,":[17],"Issue":[18],"4,":[19],"1":[20],"September":[21],"2000,":[22],"Pages":[23],"639\u2013658,":[24],"htt":[25]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}