{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968989343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990502)72:5<647::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-m","title":"Mechanical behavior and structure of rubber modified vinyl ester resins","display_name":"Mechanical behavior and structure of rubber modified vinyl ester resins","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968989343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990502)72:5<647::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-m","mag":"1968989343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990502)72:5<647::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-m","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990502)72:5<647::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-m","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990502)72:5<647::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200764475","display_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","issn_l":"0021-8995","issn":["0021-8995","1097-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078027985","display_name":"E. Dreerman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Dreerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion\u2014IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel","Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion\u2014IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056676462","display_name":"Moshe Narkis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Narkis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion\u2014IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel","Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion\u2014IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110149280","display_name":"A. Siegmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Siegmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Engineering, Technion\u2014IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, Technion\u2014IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042837038","display_name":"Reethamma Joseph","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16362100","display_name":"Rafael Advanced Defense Systems (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/016mey390","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16362100"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armament Development Authority, P.O.B. 2250, Haifa 31021, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armament Development Authority, P.O.B. 2250, Haifa 31021, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16362100"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011400765","display_name":"Hanna Dodiuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-1145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-1145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16362100","display_name":"Rafael Advanced Defense Systems (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/016mey390","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16362100"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Dodiuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armament Development Authority, P.O.B. 2250, Haifa 31021, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armament Development Authority, P.O.B. 2250, Haifa 31021, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16362100"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038705760","display_name":"Anthony T. DiBenedetto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. T. DiBenedetto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Science, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Science, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056676462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"],"apc_list":{"value":4140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4140},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81653672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"5","first_page":"647","last_page":"657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11145","display_name":"Epoxy Resin Curing Processes","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11145","display_name":"Epoxy Resin Curing Processes","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vinyl-ester-resin","display_name":"vinyl ester resin","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubber-modification","display_name":"rubber modification","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoset-composites","display_name":"thermoset composites","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-separation","display_name":"phase separation","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-toughness","display_name":"fracture toughness","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-propagation","display_name":"crack propagation","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-properties","display_name":"flexural properties","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-resistance","display_name":"impact resistance","score":0.8709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8848042488098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7934562563896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73125742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139203","display_name":"Crazing","level":3,"score":0.7457992434501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.7449527382850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38052585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266","display_name":"Elastomer","level":2,"score":0.6627141833305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781104250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56291852","display_name":"Vinyl ester","level":4,"score":0.656330943107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99595764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802","display_name":"Toughness","level":2,"score":0.5610203146934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780901341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143668","display_name":"Polybutadiene","level":4,"score":0.5409762263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5255809426307678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97549433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911969","display_name":"Fracture toughness","level":2,"score":0.4564944803714752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136478896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288","display_name":"Brittleness","level":2,"score":0.44081762433052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171359207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868477","display_name":"Thermosetting polymer","level":2,"score":0.42861148715019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.06758490204811096}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990502)72:5<647::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-m","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990502)72:5<647::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-m","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990502)72:5<647::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200764475","display_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","issn_l":"0021-8995","issn":["0021-8995","1097-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1654559263","https://openalex.org/W1968217306","https://openalex.org/W1974751116","https://openalex.org/W1975340213","https://openalex.org/W2007771844","https://openalex.org/W2014825385","https://openalex.org/W2031301016","https://openalex.org/W2043089748","https://openalex.org/W2069542947","https://openalex.org/W2076459828","https://openalex.org/W2083273093","https://openalex.org/W2094642465","https://openalex.org/W2135868156","https://openalex.org/W2171305822","https://openalex.org/W2324174297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004044164","https://openalex.org/W2171305822","https://openalex.org/W172617655","https://openalex.org/W2995913976","https://openalex.org/W2006106710","https://openalex.org/W125176181","https://openalex.org/W2154811350","https://openalex.org/W2132601716","https://openalex.org/W7141498109","https://openalex.org/W1654559263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vinyl":[0],"esters":[1],"are":[2,55],"used":[3],"widely":[4],"as":[5],"thermoset":[6],"matrix":[7],"materials":[8],"for":[9],"reinforced":[10],"composites;":[11],"however,":[12],"they":[13],"suffer":[14],"from":[15],"low-impact":[16],"resistance.":[17],"Substantial":[18],"enhancement":[19],"of":[20,23,46,52,58,65,71,87,94,115,122,143,158,168,180,194,208,214,228,247],"the":[21,37,47,66,83,95,99,116,120,159,209,219,244,248],"toughness":[22,179,221],"brittle":[24],"polymers":[25],"may":[26],"be":[27],"achieved":[28],"by":[29,141],"dispersing":[30],"elastomeric":[31],"inclusions":[32],"or":[33,145],"rubber":[34,61,78,97,215,249],"particles":[35],"in":[36,82,113,203,243],"polymer":[38],"matrix,":[39],"inducing":[40],"multiple":[41,234],"crazing":[42,235],"and":[43,63,68,85,125,135,155,174,186,205,226,236],"shear":[44,253],"yielding":[45,254],"matrix.":[48],"The":[49,91,128,152,212],"main":[50],"objectives":[51],"this":[53],"work":[54],"morphological":[56],"characterization":[57],"vinyl":[59,80],"ester/reactive":[60],"systems":[62,162,183],"investigation":[64],"mechanical":[67,154],"fracture":[69,156,245],"behavior":[70,157],"these":[72],"systems.":[73],"Additional":[74],"studies":[75],"focused":[76],"on":[77],"endcapped":[79],"ester":[81],"absence":[84],"presence":[86],"added":[88],"reactive":[89],"rubber.":[90],"initial":[92,129],"compatibility":[93,131],"liquid":[96,100],"with":[98,110,191],"resin":[101,220],"was":[102,132,163,184,187],"studied.":[103],"This":[104],"is":[105,200,255],"a":[106],"key":[107],"factor,":[108],"along":[109],"cure":[111],"conditions,":[112],"determination":[114],"possible":[117],"morphologies,":[118],"namely,":[119],"degree":[121],"phase":[123],"separation":[124],"particle":[126],"size.":[127],"rubber/resin":[130],"found":[133,188],"poor":[134],"all":[136],"attempts":[137],"to":[138,189],"improve":[139],"it":[140],"means":[142],"surfactants":[144],"ultrasonic":[146],"treatment":[147],"have":[148],"not":[149,217],"been":[150],"successful.":[151],"flexure":[153],"cured":[160,210],"resin/rubber":[161,182],"investigated.":[164],"Three":[165],"basic":[166],"types":[167],"crack":[169],"propagation":[170],"behavior,":[171],"stable,":[172],"unstable,":[173],"stick-slip,":[175],"were":[176],"observed.":[177],"Fracture":[178],"various":[181],"evaluated":[185],"increase":[190],"increased":[192],"content":[193],"rubbery":[195],"second-phase":[196],"material.":[197],"However,":[198],"there":[199],"some":[201],"payoff":[202],"stiffness":[204],"flexural":[206],"strength":[207],"resins.":[211],"addition":[213],"does":[216],"affect":[218],"at":[222],"impact":[223],"conditions.":[224],"Analysis":[225],"interpretation":[227],"fractures":[229],"morphology":[230],"show":[231],"that":[232],"both":[233],"external":[237],"cavitation":[238],"play":[239],"an":[240],"important":[241],"role":[242],"mechanism":[246],"modified":[250],"specimens.":[251],"No":[252],"evident.":[256],"\u00a9":[257],"1999":[258,270],"John":[259],"Wiley":[260],"&":[261],"Sons,":[262],"Inc.":[263],"J":[264],"Appl":[265],"Polym":[266],"Sci":[267],"72:":[268],"647\u2013657,":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}