{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968787048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:10(3103)","title":"History and Aesthetics of Cable\u2010Stayed Bridges","display_name":"History and Aesthetics of Cable\u2010Stayed Bridges","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968787048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:10(3103)","mag":"1968787048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:10(3103)","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:10(3103)","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:10(3103)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93312259","display_name":"Journal of Structural Engineering","issn_l":"0733-9445","issn":["0733-9445","1943-541X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Structural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031683856","display_name":"David Perkins Billington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6648-1076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6648-1076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David P. Billington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prof. of Civ. Engrg., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prof. of Civ. Engrg., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082916554","display_name":"Aly S. Nazmy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aly Nazmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asst. Prof., Polytech. Inst. of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asst. Prof., Polytech. Inst. of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40773434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"117","issue":"10","first_page":"3103","last_page":"3134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13031","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering Research","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13031","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering Research","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12940","display_name":"Structural Engineering and Materials Analysis","score":0.08110000193119049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cable-stayed-bridges","display_name":"cable-stayed bridges","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics-of-technology","display_name":"aesthetics of technology","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-competition","display_name":"design competition","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-education","display_name":"engineering education","score":0.9900000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.6406652927398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.33991706371307373}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:10(3103)","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:10(3103)","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:10(3103)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93312259","display_name":"Journal of Structural Engineering","issn_l":"0733-9445","issn":["0733-9445","1943-541X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Structural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306146","display_name":"Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsh2530"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115025224","https://openalex.org/W619652086","https://openalex.org/W1444311837","https://openalex.org/W1544626843","https://openalex.org/W2312688372","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6911051276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W913981175","https://openalex.org/W7139174447","https://openalex.org/W4242908257","https://openalex.org/W2010314730","https://openalex.org/W2463947412","https://openalex.org/W2004368367","https://openalex.org/W2924273184","https://openalex.org/W1566846573","https://openalex.org/W2886317632","https://openalex.org/W2919029539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,11,19,25,55,89,112,122],"early":[4],"19th":[5],"century":[6],"ideas":[7],"on":[8,42],"cable\u2010stayed":[9],"bridges,":[10],"innovations":[12,44],"from":[13],"Germany":[14,79],"following":[15],"World":[16],"War":[17],"II,":[18],"introduction":[20],"of":[21,68,114,118,124],"such":[22],"bridges":[23],"into":[24],"United":[26],"States,":[27],"and":[28,49,73,80,111,127],"some":[29,40],"developments":[30],"in":[31,45,78,88],"design":[32,47,71,115],"elsewhere":[33],"up":[34],"to":[35,54,66,121],"1987.":[36],"The":[37],"conclusion":[38],"gives":[39],"thoughts":[41],"how":[43,50],"bridge":[46],"arise":[48],"they":[51,59],"are":[52],"related":[53],"cultures":[56],"within":[57],"which":[58,119],"arise.":[60],"We":[61],"relate":[62],"these":[63],"questons":[64],"briefly":[65],"issues":[67],"technical":[69],"developments,":[70],"competitions,":[72,116],"engineering":[74,109],"education":[75,93,107],"(for":[76],"example,":[77],"Switzerland,":[81],"where":[82],"so":[83],"much":[84],"innovation":[85],"has":[86],"come":[87],"past":[90],"60":[91],"years,":[92],"was":[94],"presented":[95],"not":[96],"just":[97],"as":[98,103],"mathematical":[99],"analysis":[100],"but":[101],"also":[102],"physical":[104],"designs.":[105],"Such":[106],"included":[108],"aesthetics":[110],"experiences":[113],"all":[117],"contributed":[120],"development":[123],"new":[125,128],"techniques":[126],"forms).":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}