{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968779484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4090","title":"Phase II and Phase III attrition rates 2011\u20132012","display_name":"Phase II and Phase III attrition rates 2011\u20132012","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968779484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4090","mag":"1968779484","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23903212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nrd4090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186543748","display_name":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery","issn_l":"1474-1776","issn":["1474-1776","1474-1784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109939857","display_name":"John E. Arrowsmith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090249","display_name":"Thomson Reuters (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/008krtd86","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090249","https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Arrowsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Arrowsmith and Philip Miller are at Thomson Reuters, 77 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JS, UK.,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Arrowsmith and Philip Miller are at Thomson Reuters, 77 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JS, UK.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Philip Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090249","display_name":"Thomson Reuters (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/008krtd86","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090249","https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Arrowsmith and Philip Miller are at Thomson Reuters, 77 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JS, UK.,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Arrowsmith and Philip Miller are at Thomson Reuters, 77 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JS, UK.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090249"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":712,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"569","last_page":"569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.6942999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.6942999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.0625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attrition-rates","display_name":"attrition rates","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development","display_name":"drug development","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial-failure","display_name":"clinical trial failure","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-discovery-pipeline","display_name":"drug discovery pipeline","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.6974652409553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684868","display_name":"Attrition","level":2,"score":0.6236054301261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3245527148246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2936926484107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017211","descriptor_name":"Treatment Failure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017322","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017322","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017326","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017326","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057239","descriptor_name":"Early Termination of Clinical Trials","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nrd4090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186543748","display_name":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery","issn_l":"1474-1776","issn":["1474-1776","1474-1784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23903212","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23903212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature reviews. Drug discovery","raw_type":"News"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2547330766","https://openalex.org/W4417474350","https://openalex.org/W1980177098","https://openalex.org/W2612372483","https://openalex.org/W2042604752","https://openalex.org/W2020930678","https://openalex.org/W2793917881","https://openalex.org/W3000340225","https://openalex.org/W2024838010","https://openalex.org/W2038448543"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":30}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}