{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968760015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.324_1514a","title":"Venezuelan Science at Risk","display_name":"Venezuelan Science at Risk","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968760015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.324_1514a","mag":"1968760015","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19541974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.324_1514a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.324_1514a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.324_1514a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002815922","display_name":"Claudio Bifano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266936","display_name":"Academia de Ciencias F\u00edsicas, Matem\u00e1ticas y Naturales","ror":"https://ror.org/00dbx4k72","country_code":"VE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266936"]}],"countries":["VE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Bifano","raw_affiliation_strings":["President of the Venezuelan Academy of Physical, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences (ACFIMAN), Caracas, Venezuela"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"President of the Venezuelan Academy of Physical, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences (ACFIMAN), Caracas, Venezuela","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002815922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266936"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84795158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"324","issue":"5934","first_page":"1514","last_page":"1514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13492","display_name":"Science, Technology, and Education in Latin America","score":0.6039999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13492","display_name":"Science, Technology, and Education in Latin America","score":0.6039999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14487","display_name":"Science and Science Education","score":0.3264000117778778,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13403","display_name":"Higher Education in Latin America","score":0.0568000003695488,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-policy","display_name":"science policy","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"higher education","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venezuela","display_name":"Venezuela","score":0.5720000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193235544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7991","display_name":"Natural science","level":2,"score":0.596046507358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.456387996673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.4027373194694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3707183003425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32677561044692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2900279462337494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1761590838432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.11646413803100586}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014687","descriptor_name":"Venezuela","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.324_1514a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.324_1514a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.324_1514a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.1176733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1176733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1176733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19541974","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19541974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Letter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083365376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015059130","https://openalex.org/W4244013390","https://openalex.org/W2513145016","https://openalex.org/W1964195223","https://openalex.org/W6884874700","https://openalex.org/W3199018372","https://openalex.org/W2946569600","https://openalex.org/W190494286","https://openalex.org/W2409631772","https://openalex.org/W7219930228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Venezuelan":[1],"Academy":[2],"of":[3,26,36,43],"Physical,":[4],"Mathematical,":[5],"and":[6,23,28,40],"Natural":[7],"Sciences":[8],"would":[9],"like":[10],"to":[11],"share":[12],"with":[13],"the":[14,21],"international":[15],"scientific":[16],"community":[17],"our":[18,32,41],"fears":[19],"for":[20],"present":[22],"future":[24],"fate":[25],"science":[27],"higher":[29],"education":[30],"in":[31],"country.":[33],"A":[34],"number":[35],"worrisome":[37],"recent":[38],"events":[39],"interpretations":[42],"their":[44]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}