{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968678121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00109","title":"Autonomy at All Costs: An Ethnography of Metacognitive Self\u2010Assessment and Self\u2010Management among Experienced Language Learners","display_name":"Autonomy at All Costs: An Ethnography of Metacognitive Self\u2010Assessment and Self\u2010Management among Experienced Language Learners","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968678121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00109","mag":"1968678121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/0026-7902.00109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72851247","display_name":"Modern Language Journal","issn_l":"0026-7902","issn":["0026-7902","1540-4781"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Modern Language Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042939746","display_name":"William P. Rivers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-7363","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-7363"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102373834","display_name":"Bryn Mawr College","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjwtp51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102373834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William P. Rivers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bryn Mawr College and the National Foreign Language Center at the University of Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bryn Mawr College and the National Foreign Language Center at the University of Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102373834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042939746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102373834"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.5069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":246,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99221132,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"2","first_page":"279","last_page":"290"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13447","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognition","display_name":"metacognition","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-assessment","display_name":"self-assessment","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-management","display_name":"self-management","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-directed-learning","display_name":"self-directed learning","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-language-learners","display_name":"adult language learners","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/georgians","display_name":"Georgians","score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kazakhs","display_name":"Kazakhs","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-as-a-second-language","display_name":"Russian as a second language","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-styles","display_name":"learning styles","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-strategies","display_name":"learning strategies","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learner-autonomy","display_name":"learner autonomy","score":0.8679999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118147538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126970","display_name":"Metacognition","level":3,"score":0.7734287977218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6474636793136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182325601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17064286","display_name":"Learner autonomy","level":4,"score":0.6462376117706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5500789284706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776159695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6486751","display_name":"Language learning strategies","level":4,"score":0.5440014004707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5424831509590149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4629887342453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.45455846190452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.41998130083084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.41467660665512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123960582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455196","display_name":"Language education","level":2,"score":0.3225439190864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.20135211944580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14763325452804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/0026-7902.00109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72851247","display_name":"Modern Language Journal","issn_l":"0026-7902","issn":["0026-7902","1540-4781"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Modern Language Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77722195","https://openalex.org/W110175873","https://openalex.org/W187463719","https://openalex.org/W220414392","https://openalex.org/W1514520715","https://openalex.org/W1549492071","https://openalex.org/W1592628973","https://openalex.org/W1602445358","https://openalex.org/W1615823874","https://openalex.org/W1761828760","https://openalex.org/W1963704840","https://openalex.org/W1967545963","https://openalex.org/W1968330612","https://openalex.org/W1974599924","https://openalex.org/W1975859149","https://openalex.org/W1976743906","https://openalex.org/W1998696323","https://openalex.org/W2000117884","https://openalex.org/W2008276737","https://openalex.org/W2011856722","https://openalex.org/W2017468518","https://openalex.org/W2025774934","https://openalex.org/W2032855289","https://openalex.org/W2034409938","https://openalex.org/W2044601887","https://openalex.org/W2048130826","https://openalex.org/W2049234773","https://openalex.org/W2050752303","https://openalex.org/W2051397681","https://openalex.org/W2052213646","https://openalex.org/W2057552174","https://openalex.org/W2062516872","https://openalex.org/W2077368095","https://openalex.org/W2086503864","https://openalex.org/W2089064175","https://openalex.org/W2090908776","https://openalex.org/W2091785129","https://openalex.org/W2103263419","https://openalex.org/W2114249383","https://openalex.org/W2121194276","https://openalex.org/W2141145909","https://openalex.org/W2145731266","https://openalex.org/W2166153683","https://openalex.org/W2495679607","https://openalex.org/W2497039013","https://openalex.org/W2555542333","https://openalex.org/W2734162433","https://openalex.org/W4231003599","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7039603093","https://openalex.org/W7097896581","https://openalex.org/W2133014542","https://openalex.org/W4393358798","https://openalex.org/W2584742950","https://openalex.org/W3082012861","https://openalex.org/W3042192196","https://openalex.org/W4406620086","https://openalex.org/W6991951322","https://openalex.org/W2766338435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"in":[1,8,29,70,95],"cognition":[2,40],"has":[3],"shown":[4],"that":[5,35],"expert":[6],"learners":[7,61,76,90,122,144,153],"diverse":[9],"fields,":[10],"including":[11],"chess,":[12],"mathematics,":[13],"physics,":[14],"and":[15,41,49,72,79,133,138,168,171,176],"language":[16,55],"learning,":[17],"approach":[18],"new":[19],"learning":[20,56,129,159,174],"tasks":[21,175],"differently":[22],"than":[23],"novice":[24],"learners.":[25],"More":[26],"recent":[27],"research":[28],"neuropsychology":[30],"makes":[31],"a":[32],"strong":[33],"claim":[34],"metacognition":[36],"is":[37],"separate":[38],"from":[39,74],"consists":[42],"of":[43,46,58,77,84,142,152],"two":[44],"types":[45],"behavior:":[47],"self\u2010assessment":[48],"self\u2010management.":[50],"This":[51],"article":[52],"analyzes":[53],"self\u2010directed":[54,158],"behaviors":[57,141],"adult":[59],"third\u2010language":[60],"based":[62],"on":[63,147,163],"qualitative":[64,115],"data.":[65],"The":[66],"data":[67,116],"were":[68,107,123],"gathered":[69],"1993":[71],"1994":[73],"11":[75],"Georgian":[78],"Kazakh":[80],"at":[81,86,156],"the":[82,99,110,140,150],"University":[83],"Maryland":[85],"College":[87],"Park.":[88],"All":[89,121],"had":[91],"2/2/2":[92],"(L/R/S)":[93],"proficiency":[94],"Russian":[96],"according":[97],"to":[98,125,165],"Federal":[100],"Interagency":[101],"Language":[102],"Roundtable":[103],"(FILR)":[104],"scale.":[105],"Data":[106],"analyzed":[108],"using":[109],"Grounded":[111],"Method":[112],"for":[113],"analyzing":[114],"(Strauss":[117],"&":[118],"Corbin,":[119],"1990).":[120],"found":[124],"assess":[126],"their":[127],"progress,":[128],"styles,":[130],"strategy":[131],"preferences,":[132],"conflicts":[134],"with":[135,139],"teaching":[136],"styles":[137],"other":[143],"regularly.":[145],"Based":[146],"these":[148],"assessments,":[149],"majority":[151],"made":[154],"attempts":[155],"specific":[157,173],"behaviors,":[160],"focused":[161],"primarily":[162],"changes":[164],"course":[166],"materials":[167],"classroom":[169],"activities,":[170],"targeted":[172],"strategies.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}