{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968659898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.78.1.86","title":"Commitment as a moderator of the goal-performance relation: A case for clearer construct definition.","display_name":"Commitment as a moderator of the goal-performance relation: A case for clearer construct definition.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968659898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.78.1.86","mag":"1968659898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0021-9010.78.1.86","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.78.1.86","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.78.1.86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166002381","display_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9010","issn":["0021-9010","1939-1854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034464245","display_name":"Mark E. Tubbs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark E. Tubbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Missouri, St Louis, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Missouri, St Louis, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034464245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94579569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"1","first_page":"86","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.2678000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.2678000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.21279999613761902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12787","display_name":"Human Behavior and Motivation","score":0.08640000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-commitment","display_name":"goal commitment","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-setting-theory","display_name":"goal setting theory","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation","display_name":"moderation","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-choice","display_name":"goal choice","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-maintenance","display_name":"goal maintenance","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivation","display_name":"motivation","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct-definition","display_name":"construct definition","score":0.8730000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.8595237731933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.7992541790008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7922106981277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5877903699874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199027","display_name":"Goal setting","level":2,"score":0.4948503375053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.46316561102867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.43406370282173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84653758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5575175","display_name":"Goal orientation","level":2,"score":0.4302132725715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.41636577248573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.23632597923278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.16878801584243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0876406729221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.07968822121620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0021-9010.78.1.86","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.78.1.86","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.78.1.86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166002381","display_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9010","issn":["0021-9010","1939-1854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.86","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.86","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166002381","display_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9010","issn":["0021-9010","1939-1854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171375216","https://openalex.org/W1487774469","https://openalex.org/W1518638857","https://openalex.org/W1522816386","https://openalex.org/W1587914366","https://openalex.org/W1902439135","https://openalex.org/W1964218847","https://openalex.org/W1966949993","https://openalex.org/W1978939421","https://openalex.org/W1979646721","https://openalex.org/W1980211269","https://openalex.org/W1993308331","https://openalex.org/W1996921750","https://openalex.org/W2004603191","https://openalex.org/W2007536643","https://openalex.org/W2011571689","https://openalex.org/W2018338459","https://openalex.org/W2020525202","https://openalex.org/W2024519505","https://openalex.org/W2029939518","https://openalex.org/W2036389121","https://openalex.org/W2045181804","https://openalex.org/W2045959487","https://openalex.org/W2047471269","https://openalex.org/W2053486258","https://openalex.org/W2066310381","https://openalex.org/W2070419882","https://openalex.org/W2077097674","https://openalex.org/W2079455133","https://openalex.org/W2093545522","https://openalex.org/W2104626092","https://openalex.org/W2106033441","https://openalex.org/W2109803379","https://openalex.org/W2117573742","https://openalex.org/W2122676534","https://openalex.org/W2125862262","https://openalex.org/W2133469585","https://openalex.org/W2151350882","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W2160046608","https://openalex.org/W2164118598","https://openalex.org/W2169106160","https://openalex.org/W2983183399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988756060","https://openalex.org/W1967859498","https://openalex.org/W2117573742","https://openalex.org/W3104188200","https://openalex.org/W2160046608","https://openalex.org/W613874293","https://openalex.org/W3217792746","https://openalex.org/W2039573972","https://openalex.org/W1981359333","https://openalex.org/W2548811957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"central":[1],"assumption":[2,50,67],"in":[3],"the":[4,10,15,19,22,48,65,87,93,101],"goal":[5,17,46],"theory":[6],"literature":[7],"is":[8,68,71],"that":[9,58,64,82,104],"degree":[11],"of":[12,21,45,76,89,96,103],"commitment":[13],"to":[14,27,74],"assigned":[16],"moderates":[18],"effectiveness":[20],"goal-setting":[23],"procedure.":[24],"However,":[25],"attempts":[26],"empirically":[28],"verify":[29],"commitment's":[30],"moderating":[31,49],"role":[32],"have":[33],"generally":[34],"met":[35],"with":[36],"failure,":[37],"calling":[38],"into":[39],"question":[40],"either":[41],"widely":[42],"used":[43],"measures":[44],"commitment,":[47],"itself,":[51],"or":[52],"both.":[53],"Three":[54],"studies":[55],"are":[56,83],"described":[57],"address":[59],"this":[60],"issue.":[61],"Results":[62],"indicated":[63],"moderation":[66],"valid":[69],"but":[70],"only":[72],"relevant":[73],"one":[75],"three":[77],"closely":[78],"related":[79],"motivational":[80],"concepts":[81],"commonly":[84],"discussed":[85],"under":[86],"heading":[88],"commitment:":[90],"prechoice":[91],"attitudes,":[92],"subsequent":[94],"choice":[95,105],"a":[97],"personal":[98],"goal,":[99],"and":[100],"maintenance":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}