{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968649016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678103401203","title":"Job Change: A Naturally Occurring Field Experiment","display_name":"Job Change: A Naturally Occurring Field Experiment","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968649016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678103401203","mag":"1968649016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/001872678103401203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678103401203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678103401203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61446109","display_name":"Human Relations","issn_l":"0018-7267","issn":["0018-7267","1741-282X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Relations","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035343079","display_name":"Robert T. Keller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-2412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-2412"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert T. Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030300948","display_name":"Winford E. Holland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winford E. Holland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76437055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"12","first_page":"1053","last_page":"1067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13449","display_name":"Organizational Management and Change","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-change","display_name":"job change","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-rotation","display_name":"job rotation","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-promotion","display_name":"employee promotion","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance","display_name":"employee performance","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovativeness","display_name":"innovativeness","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"job satisfaction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-ambiguity","display_name":"role ambiguity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-characteristics","display_name":"job characteristics","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-variety","display_name":"task variety","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-autonomy","display_name":"task autonomy","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-spanning-activities","display_name":"boundary spanning activities","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-integration","display_name":"role integration","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-experiments","display_name":"field experiments","score":0.7480000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.7450648546218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.585058331489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.5816477537155151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5736086368560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139140526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034614","display_name":"Job design","level":4,"score":0.5686604976654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5625630617141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150706916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206702","display_name":"Job attitude","level":4,"score":0.5478826761245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777983101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24172934","display_name":"Job control","level":3,"score":0.49081429839134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186443701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355242","display_name":"Personnel psychology","level":5,"score":0.4857088029384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58346731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627339","display_name":"Job analysis","level":3,"score":0.4739632308483124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.44396060705184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4390186369419098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43434929847717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4196416735649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.4143405556678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206740","display_name":"Job performance","level":3,"score":0.3534029424190521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19850203394889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.18062633275985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17251598834991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1538170874118805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.12815269827842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1109316349029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09997794032096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/001872678103401203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678103401203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678103401203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61446109","display_name":"Human Relations","issn_l":"0018-7267","issn":["0018-7267","1741-282X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Relations","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569301215","https://openalex.org/W644094713","https://openalex.org/W1488837022","https://openalex.org/W1491087240","https://openalex.org/W1965183686","https://openalex.org/W1975844642","https://openalex.org/W1989199392","https://openalex.org/W1995448669","https://openalex.org/W1996083672","https://openalex.org/W2003224869","https://openalex.org/W2014223810","https://openalex.org/W2015849769","https://openalex.org/W2039131471","https://openalex.org/W2049835150","https://openalex.org/W2062456454","https://openalex.org/W2063661550","https://openalex.org/W2066317895","https://openalex.org/W2066343366","https://openalex.org/W2073415594","https://openalex.org/W2078544479","https://openalex.org/W2083282548","https://openalex.org/W2089279201","https://openalex.org/W2105975133","https://openalex.org/W2135374241","https://openalex.org/W2136676955","https://openalex.org/W2144178005","https://openalex.org/W2165407795","https://openalex.org/W2308569435","https://openalex.org/W2319475918","https://openalex.org/W2335208707","https://openalex.org/W4231179289","https://openalex.org/W4234748857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028471774","https://openalex.org/W7096163073","https://openalex.org/W7046657390","https://openalex.org/W2167089511","https://openalex.org/W2149418791","https://openalex.org/W2313519071","https://openalex.org/W2053221086","https://openalex.org/W1968440951","https://openalex.org/W2019947586","https://openalex.org/W2252592593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"naturally":[1],"occurring":[2],"field":[3,130],"experiment":[4],"of":[5,104,116,123,129],"job":[6,46,62,73,94,102],"change":[7,57,63,95],"was":[8],"conducted":[9],"over":[10],"a":[11,37,78],"one-year":[12],"period":[13],"in":[14,69,81,100,112],"three":[15],"applied":[16],"research":[17],"and":[18,72,106,118,126],"development":[19],"organizations.":[20],"The":[21,121],"experimental":[22],"group":[23,52,64,96],"(n":[24,53],"=":[25,54],"42)":[26],"were":[27],"those":[28],"employees":[29],"who":[30,41],"had":[31,42],"been":[32],"promoted":[33],"or":[34],"assigned":[35],"to":[36,65,86],"different":[38],"job.":[39],"Employees":[40],"maintained":[43],"the":[44,49,61,87,93,101,113,124,127],"same":[45],"made":[47],"up":[48],"nonequivalent":[50,88],"control":[51,89],"166).":[55],"Standardized":[56],"score":[58],"analysis":[59],"showed":[60],"have":[66],"greater":[67,79,98],"increases":[68,99],"performance,":[70],"innovativeness,":[71],"satisfaction,":[74],"as":[75,77,109,111],"well":[76,110],"reduction":[80],"role":[82,114,128],"ambiguity":[83],"when":[84],"compared":[85],"group.":[90],"In":[91],"addition,":[92],"reported":[97],"characteristics":[103],"variety":[105],"task":[107],"autonomy,":[108],"requirements":[115],"integration":[117],"boundary-spanning":[119],"activities.":[120],"importance":[122],"results":[125],"experimentation":[131],"are":[132],"discussed.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
