{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968623872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300802149811","title":"Deliberate self-harm and suicide: a review from Pakistan","display_name":"Deliberate self-harm and suicide: a review from Pakistan","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968623872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300802149811","mag":"1968623872","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19051086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17457300802149811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300802149811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300802149811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44036404","display_name":"International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion","issn_l":"1745-7300","issn":["1745-7300","1745-7319"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954818","display_name":"Muhammad Shahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-2281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-2281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. muhammad.shahid@aku.edu","Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. muhammad.shahid@aku.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046811822","display_name":"Adnan Ali Hyder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-577X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-577X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan A. Hyder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Health, and Centre for Injury Research & Policy, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Health, and Centre for Injury Research & Policy, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101954818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26825127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"233","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10376","display_name":"Suicide and Self-Harm Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10376","display_name":"Suicide and Self-Harm Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13605","display_name":"Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11824","display_name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-harm","display_name":"self-harm","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide","display_name":"suicide","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide-methods","display_name":"suicide methods","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-conflict","display_name":"interpersonal conflict","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-surveillance","display_name":"emergency department surveillance","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firearm-suicide","display_name":"firearm suicide","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hanging","display_name":"hanging","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphate-poisoning","display_name":"organophosphate poisoning","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-countries","display_name":"low-income countries","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.664452314376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.6560813784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6325328946113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.6030207872390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.589677095413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.5841419100761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.580525279045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5401057600975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.4794232249259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4103223979473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.40165069699287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3209823966026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30636751651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.10586985945701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10474413633346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0882706344127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000092864","descriptor_name":"Suicide Prevention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010154","descriptor_name":"Pakistan","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013405","descriptor_name":"Suicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016728","descriptor_name":"Self-Injurious Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016728","descriptor_name":"Self-Injurious Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17457300802149811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300802149811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300802149811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44036404","display_name":"International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion","issn_l":"1745-7300","issn":["1745-7300","1745-7319"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19051086","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19051086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of injury control and safety promotion","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:pakistan_fhs_mc_emerg_med-1016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_emerg_med/17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000868778","display_name":"Aga Khan University Trauma and Injury Research Training Program (AKU TIRTP).","funder_award_id":"D43TW007292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337515","display_name":"Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118134635","https://openalex.org/W204217953","https://openalex.org/W1514982086","https://openalex.org/W1703463185","https://openalex.org/W1811965436","https://openalex.org/W1970204392","https://openalex.org/W1970379844","https://openalex.org/W1985023426","https://openalex.org/W1996512900","https://openalex.org/W2017319246","https://openalex.org/W2025096004","https://openalex.org/W2026572490","https://openalex.org/W2026989890","https://openalex.org/W2045333532","https://openalex.org/W2075953073","https://openalex.org/W2079999977","https://openalex.org/W2084818277","https://openalex.org/W2087681597","https://openalex.org/W2108614310","https://openalex.org/W2116044889","https://openalex.org/W2126485254","https://openalex.org/W2126882875","https://openalex.org/W2161089609","https://openalex.org/W2163578404","https://openalex.org/W2168426934","https://openalex.org/W2168889329","https://openalex.org/W2171908516","https://openalex.org/W2217716394","https://openalex.org/W2228801750","https://openalex.org/W2253010713","https://openalex.org/W2268506076","https://openalex.org/W2282551724","https://openalex.org/W2293049973","https://openalex.org/W2302569161","https://openalex.org/W2338247388","https://openalex.org/W2403065015","https://openalex.org/W2414804839","https://openalex.org/W2417283266","https://openalex.org/W2418286735","https://openalex.org/W2480560380","https://openalex.org/W4238038741","https://openalex.org/W4247412023","https://openalex.org/W4285056399","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160890710","https://openalex.org/W2068438296","https://openalex.org/W2021924684","https://openalex.org/W7160280720","https://openalex.org/W4388639580","https://openalex.org/W2794728717","https://openalex.org/W2989989689","https://openalex.org/W4399435413","https://openalex.org/W2275517535","https://openalex.org/W4400428539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Suicide":[0],"is":[1,46,138,154],"now":[2],"considered":[3],"a":[4,33,155],"major":[5],"public":[6,170],"health":[7,132,171],"problem,":[8],"especially":[9],"in":[10,30,148,151],"low":[11,82,103],"income":[12],"countries.":[13],"A":[14],"systematic":[15],"review":[16],"was":[17,134],"conducted":[18],"to":[19,163],"identify":[20],"risk":[21,87],"factors":[22,64,88],"and":[23,28,58,81,102,116,144,160],"causes":[24],"of":[25,42],"deliberate":[26,66,111,142],"self-harm":[27,67,112,143],"suicide":[29,90,145],"Pakistan":[31],"-":[32],"Muslim,":[34],"South":[35],"Asian":[36],"nation.":[37],"In":[38],"addition,":[39],"the":[40],"role":[41],"emergency":[43],"department-based":[44],"surveillance":[45],"explored.":[47],"Four":[48],"electronic":[49],"databases":[50],"(PubMed,":[51],"CINAHL":[52],"Plus,":[53],"MDConsult,":[54],"PakMediNet)":[55],"were":[56,61,91,107,119],"searched":[57],"23":[59],"studies":[60,162],"reviewed.":[62],"Risk":[63],"for":[65,89,110,123,130,157,168],"included":[68],"young":[69,92],"age":[70,93],"(less":[71,94],"than":[72,95],"35":[73,96],"years),":[74,97],"being":[75,79,100],"female,":[76],"occupation":[77],"(housewives),":[78],"married":[80,101],"socio-economic":[83,104],"status;":[84],"while":[85,113],"reported":[86,128],"male":[98],"gender,":[99],"status.":[105],"Medications":[106],"commonly":[108],"used":[109],"firearm,":[114],"hanging":[115],"organophosphorus":[117],"poisoning":[118],"more":[120],"frequent":[121],"means":[122],"suicide.":[124],"The":[125],"most":[126],"common":[127],"cause":[129],"both":[131],"outcomes":[133],"interpersonal":[135],"conflict.":[136],"There":[137,153],"accumulating":[139],"evidence":[140],"that":[141],"have":[146],"increased":[147],"recent":[149],"years":[150],"Pakistan.":[152],"need":[156],"greater":[158],"attention":[159],"in-depth":[161],"elaborate":[164],"on":[165],"causative":[166],"mechanisms":[167],"these":[169],"issues.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
