{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968560348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.3.271","title":"The Thai Rural Credit System: Public Subsidies, Private Information, and Segmented Markets","display_name":"The Thai Rural Credit System: Public Subsidies, Private Information, and Segmented Markets","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968560348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.3.271","mag":"1968560348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/wber/4.3.271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.3.271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.3.271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735890421","display_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","issn_l":"0258-6770","issn":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019129722","display_name":"Ammar Siamwalla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281466","display_name":"Thailand Development Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04ckx5m59","country_code":"TH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405281466"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Siamwalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ammar Siamwalla is president, Thailand Development Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ammar Siamwalla is president, Thailand Development Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405281466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052706145","display_name":"Chirmsak Pinthong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108108428","display_name":"Thammasat University","ror":"https://ror.org/002yp7f20","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chirmsak Pinthong","raw_affiliation_strings":["The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015702503","display_name":"Nipon Poapongsakorn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108108428","display_name":"Thammasat University","ror":"https://ror.org/002yp7f20","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nipon Poapongsakorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083930365","display_name":"Ploenpit Satsanguan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108108428","display_name":"Thammasat University","ror":"https://ror.org/002yp7f20","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ploenpit Satsanguan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002246132","display_name":"Prayong Nettayarak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108108428","display_name":"Thammasat University","ror":"https://ror.org/002yp7f20","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prayong Nettayarak","raw_affiliation_strings":["The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071409556","display_name":"Wanrak Mingmaneenakin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108108428","display_name":"Thammasat University","ror":"https://ror.org/002yp7f20","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanrak Mingmaneenakin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048517725","display_name":"Yuavares Tubpun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108108428","display_name":"Thammasat University","ror":"https://ror.org/002yp7f20","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuavares Tubpun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The other authors are members of the economics faculty at Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3986,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3986},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":232,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96529226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"271","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-credit","display_name":"rural credit","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-credit","display_name":"agricultural credit","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-subsidies","display_name":"government subsidies","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-asymmetry","display_name":"information asymmetry","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-credit","display_name":"informal credit","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moneylenders","display_name":"moneylenders","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmented-markets","display_name":"segmented markets","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-banks","display_name":"agricultural banks","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-bank-lending","display_name":"commercial bank lending","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rates","display_name":"interest rates","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-credit","display_name":"access to credit","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thailand","display_name":"Thailand","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.677165150642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.4530574381351471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.4416746497154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3951474130153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3117300271987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30271750688552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2088596522808075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17289412021636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/wber/4.3.271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.3.271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.3.271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735890421","display_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","issn_l":"0258-6770","issn":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.999.3175","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.999.3175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/3/271.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546523058","https://openalex.org/W1968528747","https://openalex.org/W1996008217","https://openalex.org/W2070412154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096085111","https://openalex.org/W2132567544","https://openalex.org/W7096201023","https://openalex.org/W3121631358","https://openalex.org/W2958854818","https://openalex.org/W322890707","https://openalex.org/W2161616706","https://openalex.org/W2062755551","https://openalex.org/W7214875431","https://openalex.org/W4414765723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thailand":[0],"has":[1],"sought":[2],"to":[3,7,20,23,36,74,104],"increase":[4],"farmers'":[5],"access":[6],"credit":[8,60,86,90],"by":[9,46],"government":[10,17],"intervention.":[11],"In":[12],"1966":[13],"it":[14,32],"created":[15],"a":[16,116],"agricultural":[18,51],"bank":[19],"lend":[21,37],"solely":[22],"farm":[24],"households,":[25],"and":[26,109,146],"beginning":[27],"in":[28,39,49,61,80,122,125],"the":[29,40,50,62,76,81,88,100,120,126,131,141,156],"late":[30],"1970s":[31],"required":[33],"commercial":[34],"banks":[35],"heavily":[38],"rural":[41,63,85],"sector,":[42],"either":[43,70],"directly":[44],"or":[45,72],"making":[47],"deposits":[48],"bank.":[52],"The":[53,137],"result":[54],"was":[55],"an":[56],"enormous":[57],"expansion":[58],"of":[59,84,111,119,134,158],"sector.":[64],"But":[65],"because":[66],"formal":[67,101],"lenders":[68,124],"were":[69],"unable":[71],"unwilling":[73],"solve":[75],"information":[77,132,153],"problems":[78,133],"involved":[79],"broad":[82],"range":[83],"transactions,":[87],"informal":[89,127,142],"sector":[91,128,143],"(which":[92],"charged":[93],"interest":[94,149],"rates":[95,150],"many":[96],"times":[97],"higher":[98],"than":[99],"sector)":[102],"continued":[103],"thrive.":[105],"Using":[106],"household":[107],"surveys":[108,110],"moneylenders,":[112],"this":[113],"article":[114],"provides":[115],"detailed":[117],"analysis":[118],"ways":[121],"which":[123],"have":[129],"solved":[130],"providing":[135],"credit.":[136],"authors":[138],"argue":[139],"that":[140,147],"is":[144],"competitive,":[145],"high":[148,152],"reflect":[151],"costs,":[154],"not":[155],"scarcity":[157],"funds.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
