{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968506805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060150103","title":"Cholinergic synapses in the central nervous system: Studies of the immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase","display_name":"Cholinergic synapses in the central nervous system: Studies of the immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968506805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060150103","mag":"1968506805","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2187067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jemt.1060150103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060150103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060150103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199538632","display_name":"Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique","issn_l":"0741-0581","issn":["0741-0581","1553-0817"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061089065","display_name":"Carolyn R. Houser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5962-0886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5962-0886"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322918889","display_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108215","display_name":"VA West Los Angeles Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xfgtq85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210108215","https://openalex.org/I4210138663","https://openalex.org/I4210156876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn R. Houser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Los Angeles, California 90073","Department of Anatomy and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024","Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Los Angeles, Wadsworth Division, Los Angeles, California 90073"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Los Angeles, California 90073","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I4210108215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Los Angeles, Wadsworth Division, Los Angeles, California 90073","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061089065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I161318765","https://openalex.org/I4210108215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3111,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38123167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11818","display_name":"Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12023","display_name":"Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-synapses","display_name":"cholinergic synapses","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choline-acetyltransferase","display_name":"choline acetyltransferase","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholine","display_name":"acetylcholine","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-neurons","display_name":"cholinergic neurons","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-ultrastructure","display_name":"synaptic ultrastructure","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postsynaptic-density","display_name":"postsynaptic density","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-boutons","display_name":"synaptic boutons","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-innervation","display_name":"cholinergic innervation","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system","display_name":"central nervous system","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-heterogeneity","display_name":"synaptic heterogeneity","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendritic-innervation","display_name":"dendritic innervation","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198399640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14863671","display_name":"Choline acetyltransferase","level":3,"score":0.8854712843894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22885893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743","display_name":"Cholinergic","level":2,"score":0.8771693706512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197341189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863533","display_name":"Postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.7734569311141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6807020306587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148785051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671136","display_name":"Synaptic vesicle","level":4,"score":0.5967124700546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775910092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180623","display_name":"Acetylcholine","level":2,"score":0.5812248587608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104966671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167532","display_name":"Cholinergic neuron","level":3,"score":0.5722759962081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.540349543094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910204272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743","display_name":"Cholinergic Fibers","level":4,"score":0.46006691455841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181","display_name":"Synapse","level":2,"score":0.44344109296798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174884520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902079","display_name":"Dendritic spine","level":3,"score":0.42277878522872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189206","display_name":"Vesicle","level":3,"score":0.2520453631877899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.10438242554664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.08938896656036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.05646032094955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148762608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3748185","display_name":"Hippocampal formation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002795","descriptor_name":"Choline O-Acetyltransferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002799","descriptor_name":"Cholinergic Fibers","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003342","descriptor_name":"Corpus Striatum","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006624","descriptor_name":"Hippocampus","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008854","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013788","descriptor_name":"Thalamus","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jemt.1060150103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060150103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060150103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199538632","display_name":"Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique","issn_l":"0741-0581","issn":["0741-0581","1553-0817"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2187067","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2187067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of electron microscopy technique","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G691617947","display_name":"CALIFORNIA CEP--BASIC MECHANISMS OF EPILEPSIES","funder_award_id":"P01NS021908","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306684","display_name":"Epilepsy Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxre019"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90866461","https://openalex.org/W168936335","https://openalex.org/W403692474","https://openalex.org/W1554568467","https://openalex.org/W1568880277","https://openalex.org/W1571579185","https://openalex.org/W1934062495","https://openalex.org/W1949870697","https://openalex.org/W1964020365","https://openalex.org/W1966103661","https://openalex.org/W1975542537","https://openalex.org/W1975629810","https://openalex.org/W1979210685","https://openalex.org/W1979657788","https://openalex.org/W1979686107","https://openalex.org/W1981922585","https://openalex.org/W1982543004","https://openalex.org/W1983174495","https://openalex.org/W1985040921","https://openalex.org/W1986357584","https://openalex.org/W1987492665","https://openalex.org/W1987908885","https://openalex.org/W1992503386","https://openalex.org/W1992669875","https://openalex.org/W1994246979","https://openalex.org/W1995943644","https://openalex.org/W1997590875","https://openalex.org/W1999656044","https://openalex.org/W2002049010","https://openalex.org/W2002437982","https://openalex.org/W2004017074","https://openalex.org/W2005114592","https://openalex.org/W2006457780","https://openalex.org/W2006688777","https://openalex.org/W2009777663","https://openalex.org/W2013854477","https://openalex.org/W2014320300","https://openalex.org/W2014630817","https://openalex.org/W2015298048","https://openalex.org/W2016053122","https://openalex.org/W2016711764","https://openalex.org/W2016934970","https://openalex.org/W2018434736","https://openalex.org/W2022297475","https://openalex.org/W2022567711","https://openalex.org/W2025201464","https://openalex.org/W2031227936","https://openalex.org/W2031645218","https://openalex.org/W2032118090","https://openalex.org/W2035261062","https://openalex.org/W2036341488","https://openalex.org/W2038296494","https://openalex.org/W2040361910","https://openalex.org/W2045152409","https://openalex.org/W2049111961","https://openalex.org/W2052885965","https://openalex.org/W2054218250","https://openalex.org/W2054262036","https://openalex.org/W2058760928","https://openalex.org/W2064469548","https://openalex.org/W2064660388","https://openalex.org/W2064911492","https://openalex.org/W2066697460","https://openalex.org/W2067627391","https://openalex.org/W2068463072","https://openalex.org/W2071751312","https://openalex.org/W2074887424","https://openalex.org/W2078237037","https://openalex.org/W2079155589","https://openalex.org/W2081354578","https://openalex.org/W2082769538","https://openalex.org/W2088092784","https://openalex.org/W2088295947","https://openalex.org/W2089025505","https://openalex.org/W2089124583","https://openalex.org/W2093988523","https://openalex.org/W2094886743","https://openalex.org/W2095561971","https://openalex.org/W2104343707","https://openalex.org/W2106001311","https://openalex.org/W2107061279","https://openalex.org/W2111921605","https://openalex.org/W2118383704","https://openalex.org/W2130738325","https://openalex.org/W2135554966","https://openalex.org/W2137221134","https://openalex.org/W2148561016","https://openalex.org/W2330977039","https://openalex.org/W2408118606","https://openalex.org/W4211220041","https://openalex.org/W4256437845","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074887424","https://openalex.org/W2106001311","https://openalex.org/W2022567711","https://openalex.org/W1966103661","https://openalex.org/W1975629810","https://openalex.org/W2082769538","https://openalex.org/W1415407303","https://openalex.org/W2025201464","https://openalex.org/W1986357584","https://openalex.org/W2040343882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cholinergic":[0],"synapses":[1,81,99],"can":[2],"be":[3,192],"identified":[4],"in":[5,44,123,172,183,195,209],"immunocytochemical":[6],"preparations":[7,47],"by":[8],"the":[9,21,39,80,85,118,156,176,184,196,210,215,221,226,236],"use":[10],"of":[11,48,73,84,152,169,175,186,212,217,235,242],"monoclonal":[12],"antibodies":[13],"and":[14,27,41,56,66,79,92,106,135,220,239],"specific":[15,29],"antisera":[16],"to":[17,191],"choline":[18],"acetyltransferase":[19],"(ChAT),":[20],"synthesizing":[22],"enzyme":[23],"for":[24,31,232],"acetylcholine":[25],"(ACh)":[26],"a":[28,165],"marker":[30],"cholinergic":[32,141,170,197,227,243],"neurons.":[33],"Electron":[34],"microscopic":[35,46],"studies":[36,234],"demonstrate":[37],"that":[38],"fibers":[40],"varicosities":[42],"observed":[43,208],"light":[45],"many":[49,173,181],"brain":[50,112,158,204],"regions":[51,126],"are":[52,82,103,117,162,207],"small-diameter":[53],"unmyelinated":[54],"axons":[55],"vesicle-containing":[57],"boutons.":[58],"The":[59],"labeled":[60],"boutons":[61,75,144],"generally":[62,166],"contain":[63],"clear":[64],"vesicles":[65],"one":[67],"or":[68],"more":[69],"mitochondrial":[70],"profiles.":[71],"Many":[72],"these":[74],"form":[76,145],"synaptic":[77,146,218],"contacts,":[78,219],"frequently":[83],"symmetric":[86],"type,":[87],"displaying":[88],"thin":[89],"postsynaptic":[90,121,223],"densities":[91],"relatively":[93],"short":[94],"contact":[95],"zones.":[96],"However,":[97],"ChAT-labeled":[98,143,187],"with":[100,148,164],"asymmetric":[101],"junctions":[102],"also":[104,138],"observed,":[105],"their":[107],"frequency":[108],"varies":[109],"among":[110,203],"different":[111,150],"regions.":[113,205],"Unlabeled":[114],"dendritic":[115,133],"shafts":[116],"most":[119],"common":[120],"elements":[122],"virtually":[124],"all":[125],"examined":[127],"although":[128],"other":[129],"neuronal":[130,136],"elements,":[131],"including":[132],"spines":[134],"somata,":[137],"receive":[139],"some":[140,193],"innervation.":[142],"contacts":[147],"several":[149],"types":[151,216],"unlabeled":[153],"neurons":[154],"within":[155,199],"same":[157],"region.":[159],"Such":[160],"findings":[161],"consistent":[163],"diffuse":[167],"pattern":[168],"innervation":[171,198],"parts":[174],"central":[177],"nervous":[178],"system.":[179],"Despite":[180],"similarities":[182],"characteristics":[185],"synapses,":[188],"there":[189],"appears":[190],"heterogeneity":[194],"as":[200,202],"well":[201],"Differences":[206],"sizes":[211],"ChAT-immunoreactive":[213],"boutons,":[214],"predominant":[222],"elements.":[224],"Thus,":[225],"system":[228],"presents":[229],"interesting":[230],"challenges":[231],"future":[233],"morphological":[237],"organization":[238],"related":[240],"function":[241],"synapses.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
