{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968505271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800011439","title":"Theories of American Labour Violence","display_name":"Theories of American Labour Violence","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968505271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800011439","mag":"1968505271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0021875800011439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800011439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800011439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35553882","display_name":"Journal of American Studies","issn_l":"0021-8758","issn":["0021-8758","1469-5154"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of American Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028019111","display_name":"Rhodri Jeffreys\u2010Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-3869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-3869"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028019111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33668623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"245","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13428","display_name":"Anarchism and Radical Politics","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-reform","display_name":"social reform","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-riots","display_name":"race riots","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-struggle","display_name":"class struggle","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/louis-adamic","display_name":"Louis Adamic","score":0.9490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.5155920386314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.512850284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4653756320476532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744607","display_name":"Class conflict","level":3,"score":0.44432058930397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.43491220474243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3442632257938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31349366903305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3017764687538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.11746585369110107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0021875800011439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800011439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800011439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35553882","display_name":"Journal of American Studies","issn_l":"0021-8758","issn":["0021-8758","1469-5154"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of American Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W368307822","https://openalex.org/W570702143","https://openalex.org/W589236131","https://openalex.org/W605757575","https://openalex.org/W612890389","https://openalex.org/W1485825850","https://openalex.org/W1499605805","https://openalex.org/W1507397194","https://openalex.org/W1568145521","https://openalex.org/W1577673399","https://openalex.org/W1596801329","https://openalex.org/W1980252537","https://openalex.org/W1984354618","https://openalex.org/W2000315609","https://openalex.org/W2007731651","https://openalex.org/W2021898743","https://openalex.org/W2054161621","https://openalex.org/W2057715748","https://openalex.org/W2072345775","https://openalex.org/W2094312545","https://openalex.org/W2102572911","https://openalex.org/W2102733415","https://openalex.org/W2102950580","https://openalex.org/W2314561131","https://openalex.org/W2319593700","https://openalex.org/W2323690919","https://openalex.org/W2325692891","https://openalex.org/W2326642226","https://openalex.org/W2334368002","https://openalex.org/W2510311959","https://openalex.org/W3121473465","https://openalex.org/W4231238413","https://openalex.org/W4234062562","https://openalex.org/W4237822600","https://openalex.org/W4289254610","https://openalex.org/W4299698765","https://openalex.org/W4299977893","https://openalex.org/W4300430277","https://openalex.org/W4300796058","https://openalex.org/W4301033914","https://openalex.org/W6700992306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495836305","https://openalex.org/W2070449617","https://openalex.org/W2083145952","https://openalex.org/W1995206598","https://openalex.org/W3215231348","https://openalex.org/W4385601341","https://openalex.org/W1600772733","https://openalex.org/W3012089138","https://openalex.org/W2108572602","https://openalex.org/W2906790725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Labour":[0],"violence":[1,50,79,122,181,211],"is":[2,73],"an":[3],"indication":[4],"of":[5,8,20,24,48,56,66,89,110,127,142,167,173,179,186,198,236,254,263],"the":[6,87,108,168,177,191,195,199,242,252,255],"nature":[7],"any":[9],"society":[10],"at":[11],"a":[12,18,40,64,164,260],"given":[13],"time,":[14],"and":[15,22,58,83,131,149],"has":[16,35,62],"been":[17],"catalyst":[19],"tensions":[21],"harbinger":[23],"change":[25],"on":[26,43,107,138,146,225],"many":[27],"occasions":[28],"in":[29,37,124,133,182,190,212,222,230,232,239],"America":[30,240],"since":[31],"1865.":[32],"Furthermore,":[33],"it":[34,72],"had":[36],"that":[38,156,207,251],"country":[39],"braking":[41],"effect":[42],"social":[44],"reform.":[45],"These":[46],"aspects":[47],"labour":[49,78,98,121,174,180,226],"have":[51,94,101],"received":[52],"their":[53],"fair":[54],"share":[55],"recognition":[57],"attention.":[59],"Their":[60],"investigation":[61],"uncovered":[63],"mass":[65],"useful":[67],"evidence.":[68],"For":[69],"this":[70],"reason,":[71],"today":[74],"possible":[75],"to":[76,84,96,120,210,214],"view":[77],"with":[80],"better":[81],"understanding,":[82],"approach":[85],"directly":[86],"problem":[88,178],"its":[90,147],"causes.":[91],"Although":[92],"historians":[93],"tried":[95],"explain":[97],"violence,":[99,227],"they":[100,157],"mostly":[102],"done":[103],"so":[104],"obliquely":[105],"or":[106],"basis":[109],"unquestioned":[111],"assumptions.":[112],"Recently,":[113],"for":[114],"example,":[115],"Herbert":[116],"G.":[117],"Gutman":[118],"referred":[119],"repeatedly":[123],"his":[125,205],"collection":[126],"essays":[128],"Work,":[129],"Culture,":[130],"Society":[132],"Industrializing":[134],"America,":[135],"but":[136,201],"focussed":[137],"\u201c":[139,158,261],"patterns":[140,153],"\u201d":[141],"disorder":[143],"rather":[144],"than":[145],"causes,":[148],"belittled":[150],"even":[151],"these":[152],"by":[154,194,241],"stating":[155],"deserve":[159],"brief":[160],"attention.\u201d":[161],"Philip":[162],"Taft,":[163],"long-surviving":[165],"member":[166],"John":[169],"R.":[170],"Commons":[171],"school":[172],"history,":[175],"tackled":[176],"American":[183],"history":[184],"because":[185],"renewed":[187],"public":[188],"interest":[189],"subject":[192],"occasioned":[193],"race":[196],"riots":[197],"1960s,":[200],"simply":[202],"assumed":[203],"throughout":[204],"work":[206,224],"wage-earners":[208],"resorted":[209],"response":[213],"oppressive":[215],"conditions.":[216],"The":[217,234],"same":[218],"undifferentiated":[219],"assumption":[220],"appeared":[221],"earlier":[223],"most":[228],"notably":[229],"1931":[231],"Dynamite:":[233],"Story":[235],"Class":[237],"Violence":[238],"Jugoslav":[243],"socialist":[244],"immigrant,":[245],"Louis":[246],"Adamic.":[247],"Adamic":[248],"wrote":[249],"absurdly":[250],"racketeering":[253],"Al":[256],"Capone":[257],"era":[258],"was":[259],"phase":[262],"class":[264],"conflict.\u201d":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}