{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968287130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","title":"Some considerations related to the evaluation of measurement uncertainty for complex-valued quantities in radio frequency measurements","display_name":"Some considerations related to the evaluation of measurement uncertainty for complex-valued quantities in radio frequency measurements","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968287130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","mag":"1968287130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/N04/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/N04/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079491459","display_name":"Blair D. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-6863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-6863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153315","display_name":"Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand","ror":"https://ror.org/04022gq47","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153315"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B D Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079491459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153315"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91612759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"6","first_page":"L62","last_page":"L67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"measurement uncertainty","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-measurement","display_name":"radio frequency measurement","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniform-distribution","display_name":"uniform distribution","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"covariance matrix","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar-coordinates","display_name":"polar coordinates","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-transformation","display_name":"coordinate transformation","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-analysis","display_name":"uncertainty analysis","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.6349289417266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6195076704025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.6096853017807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.5546678900718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5415084958076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5246332287788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4926336407661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176147448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889114","display_name":"Sensitivity analysis","level":3,"score":0.4723440408706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177803969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29205","display_name":"Uncertainty analysis","level":2,"score":0.44520822167396545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41843581199645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41456714272499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3494386374950409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31519848108291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.08335289359092712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/N04/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/n04","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/N04/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316156","display_name":"New Zealand Government","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3jxv31"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1968287130.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1968287130.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015026422","https://openalex.org/W2088490178","https://openalex.org/W2093151983","https://openalex.org/W2097735228","https://openalex.org/W2151000533","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2626116100","https://openalex.org/W3189308546","https://openalex.org/W4231218976","https://openalex.org/W4301773902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130374136","https://openalex.org/W2539210561","https://openalex.org/W2532653225","https://openalex.org/W2148241869","https://openalex.org/W1999382374","https://openalex.org/W4389779207","https://openalex.org/W2001135727","https://openalex.org/W1982394674","https://openalex.org/W1966726104","https://openalex.org/W2211725823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"issues":[1],"are":[2,58],"discussed":[3],"that":[4],"relate":[5],"to":[6,85,110],"the":[7,26,38,51,89,94],"evaluation":[8],"of":[9,28,40,97],"measurement":[10],"uncertainty":[11,64,71,82,98],"for":[12,50,55,60,93],"complex-valued":[13],"quantities":[14],"in":[15,37,62,68,75],"radio":[16],"frequency":[17],"measurements.":[18],"In":[19],"situations":[20],"where":[21],"there":[22],"is":[23,73,78,104],"information":[24],"about":[25],"magnitude":[27],"a":[29,41,44,108],"complex":[30],"quantity,":[31],"but":[32],"not":[33],"phase,":[34],"uniform":[35],"distributions":[36,57],"form":[39],"disc":[42],"or":[43],"ring":[45],"may":[46],"be":[47,86],"appropriate":[48],"representations":[49],"uncertainty.":[52],"Variance\u2013covariance":[53],"matrices":[54],"these":[56],"given":[59],"use":[61],"bivariate":[63],"calculations.":[65],"The":[66],"situation":[67],"which":[69],"an":[70],"statement":[72],"provided":[74],"polar":[76],"coordinates":[77],"also":[79],"discussed.":[80],"Such":[81],"statements":[83],"need":[84],"transformed":[87],"into":[88],"real\u2013imaginary":[90],"coordinate":[91],"system":[92],"preferred":[95],"method":[96,109],"calculation.":[99],"A":[100],"simple":[101],"transformation":[102],"procedure":[103],"described":[105],"together":[106],"with":[107],"assess":[111],"its":[112],"accuracy.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}