{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967973647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011410","title":"Health and Health Services in British Malaya in the 1920s","display_name":"Health and Health Services in British Malaya in the 1920s","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967973647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011410","mag":"1967973647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0026749x00011410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188415705","display_name":"Modern Asian Studies","issn_l":"0026-749X","issn":["0026-749X","1469-8099"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Asian Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055471630","display_name":"J. Norman Parmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60060512","display_name":"Trinity University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t8gz605","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60060512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Norman Parmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60060512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055471630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60060512"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21176264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13848","display_name":"Ottoman and Turkish Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-services","display_name":"health services","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-malaya","display_name":"British Malaya","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-malay-states","display_name":"Federated Malay States","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria","display_name":"malaria","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hookworm","display_name":"hookworm","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hookworm-infection","display_name":"hookworm infection","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexually-transmitted-infections","display_name":"sexually transmitted infections","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysentery","display_name":"dysentery","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia","display_name":"pneumonia","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beriberi","display_name":"beriberi","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholera","display_name":"cholera","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-mortality","display_name":"infant mortality","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-mortality","display_name":"maternal mortality","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-malnutrition","display_name":"chronic malnutrition","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-prevention","display_name":"disease prevention","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-medicine","display_name":"colonial medicine","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1920s","display_name":"1920s","score":0.9380000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.7797917127609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.6418527960777283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6058270335197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776677957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11679861","display_name":"Hookworm infection","level":3,"score":0.5578923225402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.533683717250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.5257376432418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.49793386459350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhea","level":2,"score":0.49775245785713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780708024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129279","display_name":"Dysentery","level":2,"score":0.4975133240222931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4650747776031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780722889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12090","display_name":"Cholera","level":2,"score":0.4305953085422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.416063129901886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.25907695293426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.13376963138580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09627574682235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165901193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3129936","display_name":"Helminths","level":2,"score":0.09108719229698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08226022124290466}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0026749x00011410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188415705","display_name":"Modern Asian Studies","issn_l":"0026-749X","issn":["0026-749X","1469-8099"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Asian Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581488585","https://openalex.org/W629043014","https://openalex.org/W978426758","https://openalex.org/W1422053592","https://openalex.org/W2060648080","https://openalex.org/W2073054181","https://openalex.org/W2226742588","https://openalex.org/W2301889423","https://openalex.org/W2314846986","https://openalex.org/W2411623558","https://openalex.org/W2560224914","https://openalex.org/W2590908917","https://openalex.org/W4253975315","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220173621","https://openalex.org/W4379618327","https://openalex.org/W3108557473","https://openalex.org/W4241905740","https://openalex.org/W7162286440","https://openalex.org/W2041259625","https://openalex.org/W115238941","https://openalex.org/W3157591446","https://openalex.org/W2039472952","https://openalex.org/W2479434909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"British":[0],"Malaya":[1],"was":[2,129],"a":[3],"very":[4],"unhealthy":[5],"place":[6],"in":[7,35,88],"the":[8,36,47,51,104,116],"early":[9],"years":[10],"of":[11,32,62,103,115],"this":[12],"century.":[13],"Malaria,":[14],"ankylostomiasis":[15],"or":[16,43,108],"hookworm,":[17],"venereal":[18],"disease,":[19],"tuberculosis,":[20],"dysentery,":[21],"pneumonia,":[22],"beri-beri,":[23],"cholera":[24],"and":[25,86,98,120],"still":[26],"other":[27],"diseases":[28,117],"accounted":[29],"for":[30],"thousands":[31],"deaths":[33,75],"annually":[34],"1920s.":[37],"Typically,":[38],"persons":[39],"suffered":[40,70],"from":[41,67,71],"two":[42],"more":[44,59,107],"maladies":[45],"at":[46],"same":[48],"time.":[49],"In":[50],"Federated":[52],"Malay":[53],"States":[54],"(F.":[55],"M.":[56],"S.)":[57],"probably":[58],"than":[60],"half":[61],"those":[63],"listed":[64],"as":[65],"dying":[66],"malaria":[68],"also":[69],"hookworm.":[72],"Many":[73],"pneumonia":[74],"were":[76,106,118,125],"due":[77],"to":[78,94,122],"tuberculosis.":[79],"Chronic":[80],"malnutrition":[81],"combined":[82],"with":[83,112],"malaria,":[84],"hookworm":[85],"diarrhea":[87],"many,":[89],"perhaps":[90],"most,":[91],"pregnant":[92],"women":[93],"produce":[95],"high":[96],"infant":[97],"maternal":[99],"mortality.":[100],"The":[101],"majority":[102],"living":[105],"less":[109],"continuously":[110],"afflicted":[111],"disease.":[113],"Most":[114,124],"debilitating":[119],"slow":[121],"kill.":[123],"preventable":[126],"although":[127],"that":[128],"imperfectly":[130],"understood.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
