{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967809236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2167016","title":"Eisenhower and the Anti-Communist Crusade.","display_name":"Eisenhower and the Anti-Communist Crusade.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967809236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2167016","mag":"1967809236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2167016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2167016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2167016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197437610","display_name":"The American Historical Review","issn_l":"0002-8762","issn":["0002-8762","1937-5239"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110963154","display_name":"Richard M. Fried","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Fried","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021946629","display_name":"Jeff Broadwater","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112612939","display_name":"California Western School of Law","ror":"https://ror.org/00vj57q03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112612939"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Broadwater","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Western School of Law San Diego California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Western School of Law San Diego California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112612939"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4620},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.1433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99092716,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"2","first_page":"593","last_page":"593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13333","display_name":"American Political and Social Dynamics","score":0.48899999260902405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13333","display_name":"American Political and Social Dynamics","score":0.48899999260902405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13993","display_name":"Historical Geopolitical and Social Dynamics","score":0.2734000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13135","display_name":"Communism, Protests, Social Movements","score":0.056299999356269836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dwight-d-eisenhower","display_name":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-communism","display_name":"anti-communism","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-scare","display_name":"Red Scare","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joseph-mccarthy","display_name":"Joseph McCarthy","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mccarthyism","display_name":"McCarthyism","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-war","display_name":"Cold War","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-security","display_name":"internal security","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-liberties","display_name":"civil liberties","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partisanship","display_name":"partisanship","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nato","display_name":"NATO","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postwar-america","display_name":"postwar United States","score":0.7459999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542948173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6186","display_name":"Communism","level":3,"score":0.861964225769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6917629837989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5816848278045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.5779364705085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.5724149346351624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537575062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851824","display_name":"Persecution","level":3,"score":0.5573098659515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5392583012580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5060316920280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775923278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29556","display_name":"Civil liberties","level":3,"score":0.4534284770488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.4507470428943634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.40545380115509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.3252239227294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.32498979568481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2844622731208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.19264081120491028}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2167016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2167016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2167016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197437610","display_name":"The American Historical Review","issn_l":"0002-8762","issn":["0002-8762","1937-5239"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W54497948","https://openalex.org/W4241014871","https://openalex.org/W4399224126","https://openalex.org/W2479331968","https://openalex.org/W575602790","https://openalex.org/W7065464613","https://openalex.org/W2050515718","https://openalex.org/W1534909547","https://openalex.org/W4389588756","https://openalex.org/W2024976452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Jeff":[0],"Broadwater":[1,43,114,197],"provides":[2],"a":[3,126,145,219],"comprehensive":[4],"survey":[5],"of":[6,85,96,120,131,167,174,193,211,264,291],"the":[7,27,33,71,76,86,97,112,118,121,157,161,168,175,184,190,194,209,212,215,246,272,292,306],"Eisenhower":[8,24,77,124,201],"administration's":[9,28],"response":[10],"to":[11,25,52,251],"America's":[12],"postwar":[13],"Red":[14,213],"Scare.":[15],"He":[16,61],"looks":[17],"beyond":[18],"Senator":[19],"Joseph":[20],"McCarthy's":[21,132],"confrontations":[22],"with":[23,93,139],"examine":[26],"own":[29],"anti-Communist":[30,88,221],"crusade.":[31],"Exploring":[32],"complex":[34],"relationship":[35],"between":[36],"partisan":[37],"politics":[38],"and":[39,58,67,106,134,171,189,205,274,285],"cold":[40,122],"war":[41],"tensions,":[42],"demonstrates":[44],"that":[45,64,79,116,199,260],"virulent":[46],"anticommunism,":[47],"as":[48,50,136,144,303],"well":[49],"opposition":[51],"it,":[53],"often":[54],"cut":[55],"across":[56],"party":[57],"ideological":[59],"lines.":[60],"shows,":[62],"moreover,":[63],"although":[65],"McCarthy":[66,204],"his":[68],"allies":[69],"captured":[70],"headlines,":[72],"ultimately":[73],"it":[74],"was":[75,217],"administration":[78],"bore":[80],"responsibility":[81],"for":[82,182,227],"implementing":[83],"most":[84],"nation's":[87],"policies.":[89],"The":[90],"book":[91],"begins":[92],"an":[94],"overview":[95],"debate":[98],"over":[99,208],"internal":[100,179],"security":[101,187],"following":[102],"World":[103],"War":[104],"II":[105],"then":[107],"examines":[108],"Eisenhower's":[109],"record":[110],"on":[111,299],"issue.":[113],"asserts":[115],"at":[117,297,309],"outset":[119],"war,":[123],"assumed":[125],"moderate":[127],"stance,":[128],"defending":[129],"some":[130],"targets":[133],"cooperating":[135],"NATO":[137],"commander":[138],"European":[140],"Socialist":[141],"leaders.":[142],"Later,":[143],"presidential":[146],"candidate":[147],"under":[148],"pressure":[149],"from":[150,256,271],"Republicans":[151],"conservatives,":[152],"he":[153,164],"moved":[154],"steadily":[155],"toward":[156],"right.":[158],"Once":[159],"in":[160,233,248,277],"Oval":[162],"Office,":[163],"embraced":[165],"much":[166],"anit-Communist":[169],"agenda":[170],"shared":[172],"many":[173],"McCarthyites'":[176],"fears":[177],"about":[178],"security,":[180],"supporting,":[181],"example,":[183],"federal":[185],"employee":[186],"program":[188],"legal":[191],"persecution":[192],"Communist":[195],"party.":[196],"concludes":[198],"while":[200],"personally":[202],"despised":[203],"eventually":[206],"presided":[207],"end":[210],"Scare,":[214],"president":[216],"also":[218],"committed":[220],"who":[222],"frequently":[223],"displayed":[224],"little":[225],"concern":[226],"American":[228],"civil":[229],"liberties.":[230],"Originally":[231],"published":[232,269],"1992.":[234],"A":[235],"UNC":[236,241],"Press":[237,242],"Enduring":[238,243],"Edition":[239],"--":[240],"Editions":[244],"use":[245],"latest":[247],"digital":[249],"technology":[250],"make":[252],"available":[253],"again":[254],"books":[255],"our":[257],"distinguished":[258],"backlist":[259],"were":[261],"previously":[262],"out":[263],"print.":[265],"These":[266],"editions":[267],"are":[268,275],"unaltered":[270],"original,":[273],"presented":[276],"affordable":[278],"paperback":[279],"formats,":[280],"bringing":[281],"readers":[282],"both":[283],"historical":[284],"cultural":[286],"value.":[287],"|The":[288],"authoritative":[289],"account":[290],"critical":[293],"second":[294],"day's":[295],"fighting":[296],"Gettysburg":[298,310],"2":[300],"July":[301],"1863,":[302],"reconstructed":[304],"by":[305],"former":[307],"historian":[308],"National":[311],"Military":[312],"Park.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}