{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967644182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.6.1.89","title":"Reading ability and the encoding of item and location information.","display_name":"Reading ability and the encoding of item and location information.","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967644182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.6.1.89","mag":"1967644182","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6444996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0096-1523.6.1.89","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.6.1.89","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.6.1.89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26008998","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","issn_l":"0096-1523","issn":["0096-1523","1939-1277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081964063","display_name":"Mildred Mason","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mildred Mason","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081964063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98310352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"89","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-skills","display_name":"reading skills","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-word-recognition","display_name":"visual word recognition","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serial-position","display_name":"serial position","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/letter-recognition","display_name":"letter recognition","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.69325190782547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6388354897499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83195618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590951","display_name":"Cued speech","level":2,"score":0.6180899739265442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.49982285499572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48401162028312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4490799903869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43683695793151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43030843138694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.40539059042930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3614884614944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2876923680305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13208189606666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10125172138214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004193","descriptor_name":"Discrimination Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004410","descriptor_name":"Dyslexia","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013028","descriptor_name":"Space Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0096-1523.6.1.89","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.6.1.89","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.6.1.89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26008998","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","issn_l":"0096-1523","issn":["0096-1523","1939-1277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0096-1523.6.1.89","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.6.1.89","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.6.1.89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26008998","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","issn_l":"0096-1523","issn":["0096-1523","1939-1277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6444996","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6444996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W647525180","https://openalex.org/W1968627711","https://openalex.org/W1972597820","https://openalex.org/W1976230526","https://openalex.org/W1979285635","https://openalex.org/W1982279410","https://openalex.org/W1986468833","https://openalex.org/W1993538238","https://openalex.org/W1995414029","https://openalex.org/W2010187802","https://openalex.org/W2010319874","https://openalex.org/W2011159511","https://openalex.org/W2011594971","https://openalex.org/W2018592947","https://openalex.org/W2027051510","https://openalex.org/W2028036755","https://openalex.org/W2034761851","https://openalex.org/W2049102939","https://openalex.org/W2050493990","https://openalex.org/W2060032378","https://openalex.org/W2089383918","https://openalex.org/W2090414606","https://openalex.org/W2105069619","https://openalex.org/W2147637089","https://openalex.org/W2315148624","https://openalex.org/W2898932073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2932308539","https://openalex.org/W2404350742","https://openalex.org/W2069623193","https://openalex.org/W2092952385","https://openalex.org/W4392230709","https://openalex.org/W2043496497","https://openalex.org/W2051684289","https://openalex.org/W2002923881","https://openalex.org/W7038588805","https://openalex.org/W620919137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"experiments":[1],"using":[2],"duration":[3],"exposures":[4],"ranging":[5],"from":[6],"20":[7],"to":[8,19,47,84,100,123,127,144],"130":[9],"msec":[10],"are":[11,142],"reported":[12],"that":[13,73,146],"link":[14],"reading":[15,152],"skill":[16],"in":[17,34,97,151],"adults":[18],"the":[20,49,86,106,117,120,147,164],"initial":[21],"encoding":[22],"of":[23,52,75,119,149,166],"location":[24,90,118,168],"information.":[25],"Highly":[26],"skilled":[27,30,57,66,109,112,130,139],"and":[28,78,110,163],"less":[29,65,111,138],"readers":[31,58,113,131],"were":[32,95,114],"equivalent":[33],"identifying":[35],"single":[36],"letters":[37],"presented":[38],"at":[39],"a":[40,53],"central":[41],"fixation":[42],"point.":[43],"When":[44,93,116],"they":[45],"had":[46,83,122],"identify":[48,85],"serial":[50,102],"position":[51,103],"letter,":[54,107],"however,":[55],"highly":[56,108,129],"performed":[59,132],"significantly":[60,133],"more":[61,134],"accurately":[62,135],"than":[63,136],"did":[64,137],"readers.":[67,140],"A":[68],"second":[69],"experiment":[70],"used":[71],"displays":[72],"consisted":[74],"one":[76],"letter":[77,87,121],"three":[79],"dollar":[80],"signs.":[81],"Subjects":[82],"under":[88],"two":[89],"cuing":[91],"conditions.":[92],"subjects":[94],"cued":[96],"advance":[98],"as":[99],"which":[101],"would":[104],"contain":[105],"equivalent.":[115],"be":[124],"resolved":[125],"prior":[126],"identification,":[128],"Results":[141],"interpreted":[143],"suggest":[145],"role":[148],"perception":[150,165],"has":[153,158,169],"been":[154,159,170],"underestimated":[155],"because":[156],"emphasis":[157],"on":[160],"item":[161],"perception,":[162],"spatial":[167],"largely":[171],"overlooked.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
