{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967547596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024935","title":"Lactate, Oxygen Uptake, and Cycling Performance in Triathletes","display_name":"Lactate, Oxygen Uptake, and Cycling Performance in Triathletes","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967547596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024935","mag":"1967547596","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2628359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26699211","display_name":"International Journal of Sports Medicine","issn_l":"0172-4622","issn":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sports Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112811889","display_name":"M. O'Toole","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. O'Toole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee-Memphis 38163"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee-Memphis 38163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057932551","display_name":"Pamela S. Douglas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-4049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-4049","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0823-5261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125649","display_name":"Campbell Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02vbwbd19","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125649"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee-Memphis and Campbell Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee 38163"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee-Memphis and Campbell Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee 38163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113009546","display_name":"W. Douglas B. Hiller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125649","display_name":"Campbell Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02vbwbd19","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125649"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Hiller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee-Memphis and Campbell Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee 38163"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee-Memphis and Campbell Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee 38163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53913288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"06","first_page":"413","last_page":"418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.7554000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.7554000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.24150000512599945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triathletes","display_name":"triathletes","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-lactate","display_name":"blood lactate","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-consumption","display_name":"oxygen consumption","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate-threshold","display_name":"lactate threshold","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilatory-threshold","display_name":"ventilatory threshold","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-performance","display_name":"cycling performance","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"heart rate","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-oxygen-uptake","display_name":"peak oxygen uptake","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23807967","display_name":"Ventilatory threshold","level":5,"score":0.7346647381782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541528975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121","display_name":"Cycling","level":2,"score":0.7333863973617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776294035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3480702","display_name":"Lactate threshold","level":5,"score":0.6745227575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992422156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161249","display_name":"Blood lactate","level":4,"score":0.6181361675262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196310339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60354","display_name":"VO2 max","level":4,"score":0.602379322052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.5699370503425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.5218017101287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781094410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034640","display_name":"Work rate","level":4,"score":0.5044342279434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5140985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483866","display_name":"Anaerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.48070675134658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116254018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919458","display_name":"Respiratory exchange ratio","level":4,"score":0.46621567010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.45772701501846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.45772087574005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4511786699295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994262451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370818","display_name":"Cycle ergometer","level":4,"score":0.44488105177879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.43646323680877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.29986849427223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2951204180717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.10291260480880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07756456732749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001642","descriptor_name":"Bicycling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007773","descriptor_name":"Lactates","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010807","descriptor_name":"Physical Endurance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26699211","display_name":"International Journal of Sports Medicine","issn_l":"0172-4622","issn":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sports Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2628359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2628359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of sports medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987927140","https://openalex.org/W63156928","https://openalex.org/W2045975732","https://openalex.org/W2039782455","https://openalex.org/W635585587","https://openalex.org/W2042918434","https://openalex.org/W2037129945","https://openalex.org/W6990300083","https://openalex.org/W2049637680","https://openalex.org/W2323680057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"assess":[1],"the":[2,29,65,76,90,94,106,121,125,137,182,217],"relationship":[3],"of":[4,109,128,140,153,185,237],"exercise":[5,77],"test":[6,40,54],"variables":[7,55],"to":[8,12,206,226,233,253,260],"each":[9,50,99],"other":[10],"and":[11,44,60,67,112,177,219,244],"bike":[13,173,227,254],"race":[14],"times":[15],"in":[16,28,85,136,211],"an":[17],"ultra-distance":[18],"triathlon,":[19],"we":[20],"studied":[21],"24":[22],"participants":[23],"(14":[24],"men,":[25],"10":[26],"women)":[27],"1985":[30],"Hawaii":[31],"Ironman":[32,154],"Triathlon,":[33],"using":[34],"a":[35,81,133,208],"graded,":[36],"maximal":[37],"cycle":[38],"ergometer":[39],"with":[41,172],"gas":[42],"exchange":[43],"blood":[45,86],"lactate":[46,66,87,107,191,209,218],"(LA)":[47],"measurements":[48],"at":[49,64,105,123,189,194,216,248],"work":[51,96],"load.":[52],"Exercise":[53],"were":[56,102,118,187,222,250],"oxygen":[57,129,146],"uptake":[58,147],"(VO2)":[59],"heart":[61],"rate":[62],"(HR)":[63],"ventilatory":[68,126,138,220],"thresholds.":[69],"Lactate":[70],"threshold":[71,210],"(LT-1)":[72],"was":[73,156,162],"defined":[74],"as":[75,120,179,181],"intensity":[78],"that":[79],"elicited":[80],"1":[82],"mM":[83,111],"increase":[84,135],"concentration":[88],"above":[89],"value":[91],"measured":[92],"during":[93],"first":[95],"load":[97],"for":[98,150],"subject.":[100],"Variables":[101],"also":[103],"examined":[104],"thresholds":[108,116,192,221,249],"2":[110],"4":[113],"mM.":[114],"Ventilatory":[115],"(VT)":[117],"identified":[119],"points":[122],"which":[124],"equivalent":[127,139],"(VE/VO2)":[130],"increased":[131],"without":[132],"corresponding":[134],"carbon":[141],"dioxide":[142],"(VE/VCO2).":[143],"Mean":[144],"peak":[145,160,238,241,246],"(peak":[148],"VO2)":[149],"this":[151],"sample":[152],"triathletes":[155],"57.4":[157],"ml.kg-1.min-1.":[158],"Cycle":[159],"VO2":[161,176,214,239],"inversely":[163],"correlated,":[164],"r":[165],"=":[166,231,258],"0.68":[167],"(P":[168,196],"less":[169,197],"than":[170,193,198],"0.0002)":[171],"finish":[174,228,255],"time.":[175],"HR":[178,247],"well":[180],"respective":[183],"percentages":[184],"maximum":[186],"higher":[188],"all":[190],"VT":[195,201],"0.0001).":[199],"Therefore":[200],"should":[202],"not":[203,223,251],"be":[204],"used":[205],"identify":[207],"ultra-endurance":[212],"triathletes.":[213],"values":[215],"highly":[224],"related":[225,252],"time":[229,256],"(r":[230,257],"-0.26":[232],"-0.58).":[234],"Fractional":[235],"utilization":[236],"(%":[240],"VO2),":[242],"HR,":[243],"%":[245],"-0.01":[259],"0.06).(ABSTRACT":[261],"TRUNCATED":[262],"AT":[263],"250":[264],"WORDS)":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
