{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967141102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b160417","title":"Color Grammars: Designing with Lines and Colors","display_name":"Color Grammars: Designing with Lines and Colors","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967141102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b160417","mag":"1967141102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1068/b160417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b160417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b160417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169418","display_name":"Environment and Planning B Planning and Design","issn_l":"0265-8135","issn":["0265-8135","1472-3417"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006010798","display_name":"Terry W Knight","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-8744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-8744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T W Knight","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006010798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92128494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"417","last_page":"449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.3278999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.3278999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13518","display_name":"Architecture and Computational Design","score":0.15639999508857727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2216","display_name":"Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.1265999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-design","display_name":"generative design","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-grammar","display_name":"design grammar","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7654533386230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6004274487495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134083981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754022","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","level":4,"score":0.5199083685874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4364514946937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42020711302757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67621940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113340","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","level":4,"score":0.41729027032852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.23815250396728516}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1068/b160417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b160417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b160417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169418","display_name":"Environment and Planning B Planning and Design","issn_l":"0265-8135","issn":["0265-8135","1472-3417"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pio:envirb:v:16:y:1989:i:4:p:417-449","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=b160417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:envirb:v:16:y:1989:i:4:p:417-449","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/b160417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079623054","https://openalex.org/W2315318949","https://openalex.org/W2552985970","https://openalex.org/W119858028","https://openalex.org/W7055715188","https://openalex.org/W2000030855","https://openalex.org/W3217710083","https://openalex.org/W2483271941","https://openalex.org/W6991454603","https://openalex.org/W2125672020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Color":[0],"grammars":[1],"that":[2],"generate":[3],"designs":[4],"made":[5],"up":[6],"of":[7],"lines":[8],"and/or":[9],"colors":[10],"are":[11],"introduced.":[12]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
