{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967136557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157340612800493737","title":"Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activities of Suramin Conjugates of 3'-Fluoro- 2',3'-dideoxythymidine and 3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine","display_name":"Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activities of Suramin Conjugates of 3'-Fluoro- 2',3'-dideoxythymidine and 3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967136557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157340612800493737","mag":"1967136557","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22385137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/157340612800493737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157340612800493737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157340612800493737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155723790","display_name":"Medicinal Chemistry","issn_l":"1573-4064","issn":["1573-4064","1875-6638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicinal Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102755277","display_name":"Hitesh K. Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-1555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-1555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitesh K. Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["K. Parang: 41 Lower College Road, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K. Parang: 41 Lower College Road, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113607103","display_name":"Gustavo F. Doncel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9641-1325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9641-1325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156802259","display_name":"Eastern Virginia Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/056hr4255","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156802259"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo F. Doncel","raw_affiliation_strings":["K. Parang: 41 Lower College Road, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA","Eastern Virginia Medical School;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K. Parang: 41 Lower College Road, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Virginia Medical School;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156802259"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033339559","display_name":"Keykavous Parang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-0893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-0893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keykavous Parang","raw_affiliation_strings":["K. Parang: 41 Lower College Road, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K. Parang: 41 Lower College Road, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65577741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"193","last_page":"197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suramin","display_name":"suramin","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitors","display_name":"nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3-azido-2-3-dideoxythymidine","display_name":"3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1","display_name":"HIV-1","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-activity","display_name":"antiretroviral activity","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfonate-esters","display_name":"sulfonate esters","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topical-microbicides","display_name":"topical microbicides","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-conjugates","display_name":"drug conjugates","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorus-pentoxide","display_name":"phosphorus pentoxide","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776182878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425946","display_name":"Suramin","level":3,"score":0.6577999591827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197336794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161150","display_name":"Conjugate","level":2,"score":0.5519124269485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4975927174091339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.394474059343338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.39138686656951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3459075093269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3453395962715149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3375512957572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.13759344816207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12355706095695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0823468267917633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013329","descriptor_name":"Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013329","descriptor_name":"Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013329","descriptor_name":"Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013498","descriptor_name":"Suramin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013498","descriptor_name":"Suramin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013498","descriptor_name":"Suramin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013498","descriptor_name":"Suramin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013498","descriptor_name":"Suramin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013498","descriptor_name":"Suramin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015215","descriptor_name":"Zidovudine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015215","descriptor_name":"Zidovudine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015215","descriptor_name":"Zidovudine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015215","descriptor_name":"Zidovudine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015215","descriptor_name":"Zidovudine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015215","descriptor_name":"Zidovudine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015394","descriptor_name":"Molecular Structure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015394","descriptor_name":"Molecular Structure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015394","descriptor_name":"Molecular Structure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/157340612800493737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157340612800493737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157340612800493737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155723790","display_name":"Medicinal Chemistry","issn_l":"1573-4064","issn":["1573-4064","1875-6638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicinal Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22385137","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22385137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates))","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062627576","https://openalex.org/W4281396737","https://openalex.org/W2082378841","https://openalex.org/W2312902309","https://openalex.org/W2526016154","https://openalex.org/W2335608623","https://openalex.org/W7108075467","https://openalex.org/W2015233445","https://openalex.org/W2154929227","https://openalex.org/W2949649780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conjugates":[0],"between":[1],"suramin,":[2],"a":[3],"polyanionic":[4],"naphthalene":[5],"sulfonate":[6,66],"derivative,":[7],"and":[8,16,52,59,82,87,100,116],"nucleoside":[9,74],"reverse":[10],"transcriptase":[11],"inhibitors":[12],"(NRTIs),":[13],"3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine":[14],"(AZT)":[15],"3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine":[17],"(FLT),":[18],"were":[19,63,83],"designed":[20],"to":[21],"create":[22],"an":[23,35],"antiretroviral":[24],"with":[25,48,72,122,129],"multiple":[26],"mechanisms":[27],"of":[28,43,50,57,70,79,91,95,112,127,135],"action":[29],"that":[30,49],"could":[31],"be":[32],"developed":[33],"as":[34,65],"anti-HIV":[36,41,107,133],"topical":[37],"microbicide":[38],"candidate.":[39],"The":[40,61,124],"activity":[42,108,134],"these":[44],"conjugates":[45,62,94],"was":[46],"compared":[47,121],"suramin":[51,58,71,128,136],"the":[53,73,77],"corresponding":[54],"physical":[55,125],"mixtures":[56,126],"nucleosides.":[60],"synthesized":[64],"esters":[67],"by":[68,114,140],"reaction":[69],"analogs":[75],"in":[76],"presence":[78],"phosphorus":[80],"pentoxide,":[81],"tested":[84],"against":[85,109,137],"X4":[86,110,138],"R5":[88],"labadapted":[89],"strains":[90],"HIV-1.":[92],"Suramin":[93],"AZT":[96],"(EC50=":[97,102],"19.4":[98],"\u03bcg/ml)":[99,104],"FLT":[101],"23.6":[103],"demonstrated":[105],"improved":[106,132],"strain":[111,139],"virus":[113],"2.5":[115],"2":[117],"fold,":[118],"respectively,":[119],"when":[120],"suramin.":[123],"nucleosides":[130],"significantly":[131],"more":[141],"than":[142],"55":[143],"fold.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}