{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967044871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1988.159","title":"Sublingual absorption of selected opioid analgesics","display_name":"Sublingual absorption of selected opioid analgesics","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967044871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1988.159","mag":"1967044871","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2458208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/clpt.1988.159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1988.159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1988.159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159852663","display_name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","issn_l":"0009-9236","issn":["0009-9236","1085-8733","1532-6535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056208304","display_name":"David S. Weinberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-7651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-7651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S Weinberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY","Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Cornell University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Cornell University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067118176","display_name":"Charles E. Inturrisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-6275","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-6275"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles E Inturrisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079026176","display_name":"Bruce E. Reidenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-3156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-3156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Reidenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045728149","display_name":"Dwight E. Moulin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-2418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-2418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dwight E Moulin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043012853","display_name":"Tony J. Nip","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony J Nip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Cornell University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Cornell University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040410200","display_name":"Stanley L. Wallenstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley Wallenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111947719","display_name":"Raymond W. Houde","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond W Houde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083219961","display_name":"Kathleen M. Foley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-007X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-007X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen M Foley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pain Research Program of the Department of Neurology and the Analgesic Studies Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067118176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555","https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":4410,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4410},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5241,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":257,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.982958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"335","last_page":"342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.38109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10256","display_name":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","score":0.03290000185370445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-analgesics","display_name":"opioid analgesics","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphine","display_name":"morphine","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buprenorphine","display_name":"buprenorphine","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fentanyl","display_name":"fentanyl","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methadone","display_name":"methadone","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipophilicity","display_name":"lipophilicity","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-time","display_name":"contact time","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-management","display_name":"pain management","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.5741016864776611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4851177930831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.4293700158596039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779350572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784720","display_name":"Sublingual administration","level":2,"score":0.4203246831893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4113304615020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3897472620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1806584894657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.053912580013275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000286","descriptor_name":"Administration, Sublingual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000701","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Opioid","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000701","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Opioid","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001682","descriptor_name":"Biological Availability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002047","descriptor_name":"Buprenorphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003932","descriptor_name":"Heroin","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004091","descriptor_name":"Hydromorphone","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005283","descriptor_name":"Fentanyl","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007981","descriptor_name":"Levorphanol","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008691","descriptor_name":"Methadone","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009055","descriptor_name":"Mouth","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009270","descriptor_name":"Naloxone","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010098","descriptor_name":"Oxycodone","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/clpt.1988.159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1988.159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1988.159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159852663","display_name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","issn_l":"0009-9236","issn":["0009-9236","1085-8733","1532-6535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2458208","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2458208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G310631625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA32897","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989074693","https://openalex.org/W1982097342","https://openalex.org/W1591518578","https://openalex.org/W1979348206","https://openalex.org/W2997773773","https://openalex.org/W2063254440","https://openalex.org/W2323989021","https://openalex.org/W1966131804","https://openalex.org/W2413461355","https://openalex.org/W1997918432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ongoing":[0],"interest":[1],"in":[2],"the":[3,14,24,32,51,57,96,118,136,139,150,159,180,217,228],"improvement":[4],"of":[5,16,27,35,40,50,122,130,183,196,224,231],"pain":[6],"management":[7],"with":[8,64],"opioid":[9,18,29,97],"analgesics":[10,30],"had":[11],"led":[12],"to":[13,81,164,171,193],"investigation":[15],"sublingual":[17,120,141,151,186,218,222,229],"absorption.":[19,188],"The":[20],"present":[21],"report":[22],"determined":[23],"percent":[25],"absorption":[26,142,152,168,190,219,230],"selected":[28],"from":[31],"oral":[33,160],"cavity":[34,161],"normal":[36],"subjects":[37,138],"under":[38,56,236],"conditions":[39,238],"controlled":[41,237],"pH":[42,68,165,176],"and":[43,76,95,206,220,234],"swallowing":[44],"when":[45],"a":[46,60,82],"1.0":[47],"ml":[48],"aliquot":[49],"test":[52],"drug":[53,187,197],"was":[54,143,162,169,191,200],"placed":[55],"tongue":[58],"for":[59,204,210],"10-minute":[61],"period.":[62],"Compared":[63],"morphine":[65,113,123,225],"sulfate":[66],"at":[67],"6.5":[69],"(18%":[70],"absorption),":[71],"buprenorphine":[72,235],"(55%),":[73],"fentanyl":[74,207],"(51%),":[75],"methadone":[77,167,205],"(34%)":[78],"were":[79,100,105,109],"absorbed":[80,107],"significantly":[83],"greater":[84],"extent":[85],"(p":[86],"less":[87],"than":[88,108],"0.05),":[89],"whereas":[90],"levorphanol,":[91],"hydromorphone,":[92],"oxycodone,":[93],"heroin,":[94],"antagonist":[98],"naloxone":[99],"not.":[101],"Overall,":[102],"lipophilic":[103],"drugs":[104],"better":[106],"hydrophilic":[110],"drugs.":[111],"Plasma":[112],"concentration-time":[114],"profiles":[115],"indicate":[116,214],"that":[117,131,149,178,215],"apparent":[119,156,221],"bioavailability":[121,223],"is":[124,239],"only":[125],"9.0%":[126],"+/-":[127,145],"11.9%":[128],"(SD)":[129],"after":[132],"intramuscular":[133],"administration.":[134],"In":[135],"same":[137],"estimated":[140],"22.4%":[144],"9.2%":[146],"(SD),":[147],"indicating":[148],"method":[153],"may":[154],"overestimate":[155],"bioavailability.":[157],"When":[158],"buffered":[163],"8.5,":[166],"increased":[170,185],"75%.":[172],"Thus,":[173],"an":[174],"alkaline":[175],"microenvironment":[177],"favors":[179],"unionized":[181],"fraction":[182],"opioids":[184],"Although":[189],"found":[192],"be":[194],"independent":[195],"concentration,":[198],"it":[199],"contact":[201],"time":[202],"dependent":[203],"but":[208],"not":[209],"buprenorphine.":[211],"These":[212],"results":[213],"although":[216],"are":[226],"poor,":[227],"methadone,":[232],"fentanyl,":[233],"relatively":[240],"high.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}