{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966892680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/508076","title":"The 1909 Darwin Celebration","display_name":"The 1909 Darwin Celebration","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966892680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/508076","mag":"1966892680","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17059108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/508076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/508076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/508076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192525298","display_name":"Isis","issn_l":"0021-1753","issn":["0021-1753","1545-6994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Isis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072238838","display_name":"Marsha Leigh Richmond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-8981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-8981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marsha\u00a0L. Richmond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072238838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97464636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":"3","first_page":"447","last_page":"484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9160000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9160000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.04800000041723251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.016499999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-darwin","display_name":"Charles Darwin","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origin-of-species","display_name":"origin of species","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-selection","display_name":"natural selection","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mendelian-inheritance","display_name":"Mendelian inheritance","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rediscovery-of-mendel","display_name":"rediscovery of Mendel","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meiosis","display_name":"meiosis","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-evolutionary-thought","display_name":"history of evolutionary theory","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-genetics","display_name":"history of genetics","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-cambridge","display_name":"University of Cambridge","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780708616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193866","display_name":"Annals","level":2,"score":0.6443562507629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206118921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5225921","display_name":"Darwin (ADL)","level":2,"score":0.5541352033615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196919123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183493","display_name":"Darwinism","level":2,"score":0.5526045560836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.544281005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143098186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178694","display_name":"Heredity","level":2,"score":0.5382530093193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019183317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1035","display_name":"Charles darwin","level":3,"score":0.5350635647773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85659524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201486","display_name":"History of science","level":2,"score":0.5209844708442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203895544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278568","display_name":"Hundredth","level":2,"score":0.4932705760002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.49325937032699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27070331","display_name":"Honor","level":2,"score":0.46307671070098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520712124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36279","display_name":"Biography","level":2,"score":0.45071208477020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563532","display_name":"HERO","level":2,"score":0.4494747519493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43495041131973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.4324970841407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992503995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20124","display_name":"Origin of species","level":3,"score":0.4134320616722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3782520890235901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3651699125766754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3490961790084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.2866547703742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.2504379153251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.24516552686691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23404008150100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1963059902191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.1935010552406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.15805211663246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.15266436338424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000846","descriptor_name":"Anniversaries and Special Events","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005197","descriptor_name":"Famous Persons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005823","descriptor_name":"Genetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006824","descriptor_name":"Hybridization, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007400","descriptor_name":"Interprofessional Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012958","descriptor_name":"Societies, Scientific","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019021","descriptor_name":"Natural History","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036281","descriptor_name":"Genetic Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040582","descriptor_name":"Inheritance Patterns","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/508076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/508076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/508076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192525298","display_name":"Isis","issn_l":"0021-1753","issn":["0021-1753","1545-6994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Isis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17059108","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17059108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences","raw_type":"Biography"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78117116","https://openalex.org/W374368637","https://openalex.org/W635353535","https://openalex.org/W1474189924","https://openalex.org/W1497157974","https://openalex.org/W1971256440","https://openalex.org/W1975469305","https://openalex.org/W1984771370","https://openalex.org/W1993399512","https://openalex.org/W2004778468","https://openalex.org/W2006726148","https://openalex.org/W2012056886","https://openalex.org/W2015233266","https://openalex.org/W2023676205","https://openalex.org/W2033458741","https://openalex.org/W2034690985","https://openalex.org/W2040287121","https://openalex.org/W2043508457","https://openalex.org/W2044696455","https://openalex.org/W2045735469","https://openalex.org/W2053248328","https://openalex.org/W2054526994","https://openalex.org/W2055292972","https://openalex.org/W2057975423","https://openalex.org/W2058530943","https://openalex.org/W2062426483","https://openalex.org/W2068818163","https://openalex.org/W2077945629","https://openalex.org/W2078640044","https://openalex.org/W2087189085","https://openalex.org/W2093507495","https://openalex.org/W2095800942","https://openalex.org/W2148901088","https://openalex.org/W2152394588","https://openalex.org/W2303043072","https://openalex.org/W2437878462","https://openalex.org/W2482308073","https://openalex.org/W2484438229","https://openalex.org/W2486509784","https://openalex.org/W2488019516","https://openalex.org/W2497906408","https://openalex.org/W2796338534","https://openalex.org/W2918035722","https://openalex.org/W3149314833","https://openalex.org/W4205252619","https://openalex.org/W4229565668","https://openalex.org/W4230578847","https://openalex.org/W4231279577","https://openalex.org/W4232068399","https://openalex.org/W4234371851","https://openalex.org/W4234687846","https://openalex.org/W4237096227","https://openalex.org/W4301465202","https://openalex.org/W4302935641","https://openalex.org/W6623421327","https://openalex.org/W6651261435","https://openalex.org/W6718055524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250007907","https://openalex.org/W1878806503","https://openalex.org/W4242245460","https://openalex.org/W1965831328","https://openalex.org/W7041428848","https://openalex.org/W2961192855","https://openalex.org/W2994615983","https://openalex.org/W7215341275","https://openalex.org/W4237911375","https://openalex.org/W6980470826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"June":[1],"1909,":[2],"scientists":[3],"and":[4,22,110],"dignitaries":[5],"from":[6],"167":[7],"different":[8],"countries":[9],"gathered":[10,48],"in":[11,42,87,133],"Cambridge":[12,53],"to":[13,57,65,119,142,149],"celebrate":[14],"the":[15,23,27,38,43,50,59,67,76,94,111,120,134,144,150,153],"hundredth":[16],"anniversary":[17,25],"of":[18,26,29,31,37,45,52,61,69,78,96,101,104,113,122,136,146,152,156],"Charles":[19],"Darwin's":[20],"birth":[21],"fiftieth":[24],"publication":[28],"Origin":[30],"Species.":[32],"The":[33,124],"event":[34],"was":[35,86],"one":[36],"most":[39],"magnificent":[40],"commemorations":[41],"annals":[44],"science.":[46],"Delegates":[47],"within":[49],"cloisters":[51],"University":[54],"not":[55],"only":[56],"honor":[58],"\"hero\"":[60],"evolution":[62,147],"but":[63],"also":[64],"reassess":[66],"underpinnings":[68],"Darwinism":[70],"at":[71],"a":[72,130],"critical":[73],"juncture.":[74],"With":[75],"mechanism":[77,121],"natural":[79],"selection":[80],"increasingly":[81],"under":[82],"attack,":[83],"evolutionary":[84],"theory":[85,155],"disarray.":[88],"Against":[89],"this":[90],"backdrop,":[91],"biologists":[92],"weighed":[93],"impact":[95],"several":[97],"new":[98],"developments--the":[99],"rediscovery":[100],"Mendel's":[102],"laws":[103],"heredity,":[105],"de":[106],"Vriesian":[107],"mutation":[108],"theory,":[109],"linkage":[112],"sex-cell":[114],"division":[115],"(recently":[116],"named":[117],"\"meiosis\")":[118],"heredity.":[123],"1909":[125],"Darwin":[126],"celebration":[127],"thus":[128],"represents":[129],"significant":[131],"watershed":[132],"history":[135],"modem":[137],"biology":[138],"that":[139],"allows":[140],"historians":[141],"assess":[143],"status":[145],"prior":[148],"advent":[151],"chromosome":[154],"genetics.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
