{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966798697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04655.x","title":"Subcellular Localization of the GABA\u2010Shunt Enzymes in Euglena gracilis Strain Z","display_name":"Subcellular Localization of the GABA\u2010Shunt Enzymes in Euglena gracilis Strain Z","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966798697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04655.x","mag":"1966798697","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/119850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04655.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04655.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04655.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213139","display_name":"The Journal of Protozoology","issn_l":"0022-3921","issn":["0022-3921","2375-0804"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Protozoology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028691953","display_name":"Masao Tokunaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-9795","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-9795"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314466530","display_name":"Tokai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7qe739","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314466530"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MASAO TOKUNAGA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Parasitology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259\u201311, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Parasitology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259\u201311, and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314466530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075085540","display_name":"Yoshihisa Nakano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-7174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-7174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15807432","display_name":"Osaka Prefecture University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cf1je33","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15807432","https://openalex.org/I4387152983"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YOSHIHISA NAKANO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111866458","display_name":"Sh\u00f4zaburo Kitaoka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15807432","display_name":"Osaka Prefecture University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cf1je33","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15807432","https://openalex.org/I4387152983"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SHOZABURO KITAOKA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57921028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"471","last_page":"473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13142","display_name":"GABA and Rice Research","score":0.09830000251531601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11924","display_name":"Polyamine Metabolism and Applications","score":0.02879999950528145,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba-shunt","display_name":"GABA shunt","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-metabolism","display_name":"glutamate metabolism","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcellular-localization","display_name":"subcellular localization","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euglena-gracilis","display_name":"Euglena gracilis","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamic-acid-decarboxylase","display_name":"glutamic acid decarboxylase","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/succinic-semialdehyde-dehydrogenase","display_name":"succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-dehydrogenase","display_name":"glutamate dehydrogenase","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-matrix","display_name":"mitochondrial matrix","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tryptic-digestion","display_name":"trypsin digestion","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309852","display_name":"Euglena gracilis","level":4,"score":0.8854949474334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.6882716417312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777202666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417383","display_name":"Glutamate dehydrogenase","level":4,"score":0.6262029409408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197957613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407280","display_name":"Cofactor","level":3,"score":0.5828201174736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75520062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15321392","display_name":"NAD+ kinase","level":3,"score":0.5810616612434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9497952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419650","display_name":"Glutamate decarboxylase","level":3,"score":0.502997100353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.47708258032798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190062978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899","display_name":"Cytoplasm","level":2,"score":0.47693008184432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780340462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127450","display_name":"Trypsin","level":3,"score":0.4682280719280243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28859421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39572","display_name":"Mitochondrion","level":2,"score":0.4602782428264618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.4257078170776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776317432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412547","display_name":"Dehydrogenase","level":3,"score":0.41482779383659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.39723947644233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.3342020511627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69305403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47263","display_name":"Chloroplast","level":3,"score":0.23423334956169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.05659380555152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000445","descriptor_name":"Aldehyde Oxidoreductases","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000612","descriptor_name":"4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000637","descriptor_name":"Transaminases","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002262","descriptor_name":"Carboxy-Lyases","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003593","descriptor_name":"Cytoplasm","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005056","descriptor_name":"Euglena gracilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005056","descriptor_name":"Euglena gracilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005649","descriptor_name":"Fumarate Hydratase","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005968","descriptor_name":"Glutamate Decarboxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005969","descriptor_name":"Glutamate Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007527","descriptor_name":"Isoenzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007770","descriptor_name":"L-Lactate Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008928","descriptor_name":"Mitochondria","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013385","descriptor_name":"Succinate Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04655.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04655.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04655.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213139","display_name":"The Journal of Protozoology","issn_l":"0022-3921","issn":["0022-3921","2375-0804"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Protozoology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:119850","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/119850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of protozoology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70827569","https://openalex.org/W242417317","https://openalex.org/W1136692251","https://openalex.org/W1157322222","https://openalex.org/W1496899188","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1968308248","https://openalex.org/W2002860713","https://openalex.org/W2036903285","https://openalex.org/W2066003962","https://openalex.org/W2069914612","https://openalex.org/W2074899868","https://openalex.org/W2089708706","https://openalex.org/W2200460224","https://openalex.org/W2207000775","https://openalex.org/W2214447253","https://openalex.org/W2237832779","https://openalex.org/W2248950960","https://openalex.org/W2531877969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403833476","https://openalex.org/W4235572499","https://openalex.org/W2000854652","https://openalex.org/W4237158366","https://openalex.org/W4255036241","https://openalex.org/W2341592731","https://openalex.org/W2050978995","https://openalex.org/W5381146","https://openalex.org/W2311034043","https://openalex.org/W3173000880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glutamate":[0,35],"decarboxylase,":[1],"gamma-aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate":[2],"aminotransferase":[3],"and":[4,6,64,68],"NAD-linked":[5],"NADP-linked":[7],"succinic":[8],"semialdehyde":[9],"dehydrogenase,":[10,36],"all":[11],"constituting":[12],"the":[13,23,40,45,51],"GABA":[14],"(gamma-aminobutyrate)-shunt":[15],"pathway":[16],"of":[17,30,50,62,70,76],"glutamate":[18],"metabolism":[19],"are":[20],"localized":[21],"in":[22,26,44],"mitochondrial":[24],"matrix":[25],"a":[27,65],"streptomycin-bleached":[28],"mutant":[29],"Euglena":[31,57],"gracilis":[32],"strain":[33],"Z.":[34],"requiring":[37],"NADP":[38],"as":[39],"cofactor,":[41],"was":[42],"distributed":[43],"cytoplasm.":[46],"An":[47],"improved":[48],"version":[49],"controlled":[52],"digestion":[53],"method":[54],"for":[55],"preparing":[56],"mitochondria,":[58],"which":[59],"involves":[60],"use":[61],"trypsin":[63,66],"inhibitor":[67],"removal":[69],"broken":[71],"cells":[72],"before":[73],"mechanical":[74],"disruption":[75],"cells,":[77],"is":[78],"also":[79],"described.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}