{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966741663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/549","title":"Analysis of key comparison data: critical assessment of elements of current practice with suggested improvements","display_name":"Analysis of key comparison data: critical assessment of elements of current practice with suggested improvements","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966741663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/549","mag":"1966741663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/549","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084419307","display_name":"Clemens Elster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-3713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-3713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clemens Elster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2\u201312, 10587 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2\u201312, 10587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015274981","display_name":"Blaza Toman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-9565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-9565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126846","display_name":"Information Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/0440c3437","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210126846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blaza Toman","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#Statistical Engineering Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#Statistical Engineering Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I4210126846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92947832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"5","first_page":"549","last_page":"555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-comparison","display_name":"key comparison","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-equivalence","display_name":"degrees of equivalence","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-traceability","display_name":"measurement traceability","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-analysis","display_name":"Bayesian analysis","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-models","display_name":"statistical models","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.8354185819625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.7205725908279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.6680341958999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6049925088882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5027332305908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.48690831661224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.43585556745529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4318270683288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3396449685096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31494349241256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.206216961145401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/549","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/50/5/549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965452062","https://openalex.org/W1967321016","https://openalex.org/W1967360779","https://openalex.org/W1970544242","https://openalex.org/W1970794195","https://openalex.org/W1971098148","https://openalex.org/W1975535628","https://openalex.org/W1975867267","https://openalex.org/W1976174679","https://openalex.org/W1995498164","https://openalex.org/W2004322225","https://openalex.org/W2007261492","https://openalex.org/W2007675168","https://openalex.org/W2017480499","https://openalex.org/W2018282160","https://openalex.org/W2021744602","https://openalex.org/W2024563037","https://openalex.org/W2026557999","https://openalex.org/W2026637345","https://openalex.org/W2031377355","https://openalex.org/W2032161385","https://openalex.org/W2035887798","https://openalex.org/W2036280319","https://openalex.org/W2036810448","https://openalex.org/W2037837295","https://openalex.org/W2038343780","https://openalex.org/W2038393807","https://openalex.org/W2041667276","https://openalex.org/W2050023185","https://openalex.org/W2051220581","https://openalex.org/W2056085567","https://openalex.org/W2056310854","https://openalex.org/W2061881527","https://openalex.org/W2064976820","https://openalex.org/W2064989063","https://openalex.org/W2066069093","https://openalex.org/W2070963484","https://openalex.org/W2072423759","https://openalex.org/W2082842815","https://openalex.org/W2086889606","https://openalex.org/W2087204158","https://openalex.org/W2088493534","https://openalex.org/W2094901258","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2126843316","https://openalex.org/W2142663033","https://openalex.org/W2170608154","https://openalex.org/W2802898185","https://openalex.org/W2917512982","https://openalex.org/W3048556253","https://openalex.org/W4255821814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995498164","https://openalex.org/W7166798764","https://openalex.org/W4386519197","https://openalex.org/W7166954197","https://openalex.org/W2115581644","https://openalex.org/W2035603941","https://openalex.org/W2124010276","https://openalex.org/W2980350520","https://openalex.org/W2056310854","https://openalex.org/W1965452062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69],"degrees":[1,50,63,84,101,195],"of":[2,15,47,51,56,64,85,102,109,146,191,196,208],"equivalence":[3,65,103,181,197],"can":[4,71,200],"be":[5,67,72,201,211],"viewed":[6,221],"as":[7,21,222],"possibly":[8],"the":[9,13,24,43,48,76,83,100,112,115,122,150,161,168,171,183,189,192,198,206],"main":[10],"result":[11],"in":[12,23,32,42,158,177],"analysis":[14],"key":[16],"comparison":[17],"data.":[18,123],"Their":[19],"specification":[20],"given":[22],"CIPM":[25,163],"MRA":[26],"is":[27,39,174],"discussed":[28],"and":[29,45,87,114,134,154,170],"critically":[30],"assessed":[31],"this":[33,57,132],"paper.":[34],"We":[35,185],"argue":[36],"that":[37,78,99,187],"there":[38],"an":[40],"ambiguity":[41,58,70],"definition":[44],"meaning":[46],"(unilateral)":[49,62],"equivalence.":[52],"As":[53],"a":[54,90,106],"consequence":[55],"uncertainties":[59],"quoted":[60],"for":[61,131],"may":[66,210],"questioned.":[68],"avoided":[73],"by":[74,82],"identifying":[75],"quantities":[77],"are":[79,104,129,137,156,219],"being":[80],"estimated":[81],"equivalence,":[86],"we":[88],"propose":[89],"standard":[91],"statistical":[92],"model":[93],"to":[94,140,179,213],"do":[95],"this.We":[96],"then":[97,220],"show":[98,186],"not":[105,157,175],"unique":[107],"measure":[108],"consistency":[110,147,166],"between":[111,167,182],"results":[113,169],"underlying":[116,172],"measurand":[117,173],"when":[118],"determined":[119],"solely":[120],"from":[121],"Prior":[124],"knowledge":[125],"or":[126],"additional":[127,152],"assumptions":[128,153],"needed":[130],"purpose,":[133],"Bayesian":[135],"methods":[136],"particularly":[138],"suitable":[139],"handle":[141],"that.":[142],"However,":[143],"such":[144],"measures":[145],"depend":[148],"on":[149,188],"chosen":[151,212],"generally":[155],"accordance":[159],"with":[160],"current":[162],"MRA.Fortunately,":[164],"quantifying":[165],"necessary":[176],"order":[178],"assess":[180],"laboratories.":[184],"basis":[190],"(unambiguous)":[193],"pairwise":[194],"laboratories":[199,216],"grouped":[202],"into":[203],"equivalent":[204],"subsets,":[205],"largest":[207],"which":[209],"select":[214],"those":[215],"whose":[217],"CMCs":[218],"validated.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}