{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966604565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1937386","title":"Analysis of the Differential Response of Five Annuals to Elevated CO2 during Growth","display_name":"Analysis of the Differential Response of Five Annuals to Elevated CO2 during Growth","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966604565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1937386","mag":"1966604565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1937386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1937386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1937386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35917800","display_name":"Ecology","issn_l":"0012-9658","issn":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040424151","display_name":"K. Garbutt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Garbutt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112981095","display_name":"W. E. Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78874557","display_name":"St. Mary's College of Maryland","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2d1w05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78874557"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. E. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Natural Science and Mathematics, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, Maryland 20686 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Natural Science and Mathematics, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, Maryland 20686 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78874557"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113603630","display_name":"F. A. Bazzaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. A. Bazzaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":139,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99342443,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"1185","last_page":"1194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10303","display_name":"Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11302","display_name":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevated-co2","display_name":"elevated CO2","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annual-plants","display_name":"annual plants","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amaranthus-retroflexus","display_name":"Amaranthus retroflexus","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abutilon-theophrasti","display_name":"Abutilon theophrasti","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambrosia-artemisiifolia","display_name":"Ambrosia artemisiifolia","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chenopodium-album","display_name":"Chenopodium album","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-growth-rate","display_name":"relative growth rate","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stomatal-conductance","display_name":"stomatal conductance","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthesis","display_name":"photosynthesis","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flowering-time","display_name":"flowering time","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-leaf-area","display_name":"specific leaf area","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-biomass","display_name":"seed biomass","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-biomass","display_name":"reproductive biomass","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778737469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132638","display_name":"Abutilon","level":3,"score":0.8950096368789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7127984762191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780504720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682164","display_name":"Ambrosia artemisiifolia","level":4,"score":0.6833041310310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158094","display_name":"Chenopodium","level":3,"score":0.6637187600135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.6117286086082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777692458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310793","display_name":"Relative growth rate","level":3,"score":0.6080721020698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.5436957478523254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21410773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869","display_name":"Shoot","level":2,"score":0.5203596949577332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5121634006500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7618701","display_name":"Stomatal conductance","level":3,"score":0.5107271671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777496398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163052","display_name":"Setaria viridis","level":3,"score":0.5089054107666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779174183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131409","display_name":"Ambrosia","level":3,"score":0.5013954639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63644423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338562","display_name":"Interspecific competition","level":2,"score":0.49691298604011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776843538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157389","display_name":"Setaria","level":2,"score":0.437987357378006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4254583716392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3858721852302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.35350972414016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.26830586791038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778312390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4139973","display_name":"Growth rate","level":2,"score":0.26129522919654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780931586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844270","display_name":"Ragweed","level":3,"score":0.2085084319114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.18016961216926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780618852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932","display_name":"Pollen","level":2,"score":0.16767427325248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207480886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42982","display_name":"Allergy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1937386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1937386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1937386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35917800","display_name":"Ecology","issn_l":"0012-9658","issn":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59820085","https://openalex.org/W167864736","https://openalex.org/W1503755828","https://openalex.org/W1559601893","https://openalex.org/W1938016930","https://openalex.org/W1982300465","https://openalex.org/W1985936993","https://openalex.org/W1988278367","https://openalex.org/W1991704630","https://openalex.org/W1994602116","https://openalex.org/W2009174553","https://openalex.org/W2015442082","https://openalex.org/W2016774492","https://openalex.org/W2045969726","https://openalex.org/W2079688086","https://openalex.org/W2085348862","https://openalex.org/W2117160001","https://openalex.org/W2134859165","https://openalex.org/W2318518902","https://openalex.org/W2994586588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543311212","https://openalex.org/W2315638984","https://openalex.org/W2091158393","https://openalex.org/W2106877584","https://openalex.org/W2491394265","https://openalex.org/W2062477340","https://openalex.org/W2980773049","https://openalex.org/W2006873806","https://openalex.org/W2079960939","https://openalex.org/W198024996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,125,233],"order":[1],"to":[2,303,434],"investigate":[3],"the":[4,107,141,145,150,154,156,200,265,286,291,354,364,385,427,442],"effects,":[5,198],"without":[6],"competition,":[7],"of":[8,26,34,65,97,102,106,144,153,188,203,264,323,337,357,361,368,426,444],"CO2":[9,63,99,120,170,192,204,213,237,267,310,348,376,397,452],"on":[10,19,100,205],"germination,":[11],"growth,":[12],"physiological":[13],"response,":[14],"and":[15,50,70,85,87,128,173,184,217,253,271,326,392,401,404,416,436],"reproduction,":[16],"we":[17],"focussed":[18],"co\u2014occurring":[20],"species":[21,33,201,223,312,350,374,449],"that":[22],"are":[23],"prominent":[24],"members":[25],"an":[27],"annual":[28,37],"community":[29,429],"in":[30,104,171,182,221,230,359,398,402,413,431],"Illinois.":[31],"Five":[32],"old":[35],"field":[36],"plants\u2014Abutilon":[38],"theophrasti":[39],"(C3),":[40,46,49],"Amaranthus":[41,109,172,242,399],"retroflexus":[42],"(C4),":[43,415],"Ambrosia":[44,272,405],"artemisiifolia":[45],"Chenopodium":[47,183,403],"album":[48],"Setaria":[51,254,414],"faberii":[52],"(C4)\u2013were":[53],"grown":[54],"for":[55,317,332],"their":[56,432],"entire":[57],"life":[58],"cycle":[59],"as":[60],"individuals":[61],"at":[62,117,122,133,137,199,214,226,246,250,258,262,290],"concentration":[64],"350":[66,123,138,251],"@mL/L,":[67,69,252],"500":[68,423],"700@mL/L.":[71],"Emergence":[72],"time,":[73,82],"growth":[74,111],"rate,":[75],"shoot":[76],"water":[77,161],"status,":[78],"photosynthesis,":[79],"conductance,":[80],"flowering":[81,278],"nitrogen":[83,338,362],"content,":[84],"biomass":[86,89,322,328,389],"reproductive":[88,324],"were":[90,180,195,314],"measured.":[91],"There":[92],"was":[93,114,131,158,281,344,380,410],"no":[94,196,411],"detectable":[95],"effect":[96],"enhanced":[98],"timing":[101],"emergence":[103],"any":[105],"species.":[108,232,365],"relative":[110],"rate":[112,187],"(RGR)":[113],"always":[115],"higher":[116],"700":[118,134,247,259],"@mL/L":[119,135,139,248,260],"than":[121,136,249,261],"@mL/L.":[124,424],"both":[126,215],"Abutilon":[127,270,417],"Ambrosia,":[129],"RGR":[130],"greater":[132],"during":[140,149],"first":[142],"half":[143,152],"experimental":[146],"period,":[147],"but":[148,176,193,224,279,408],"second":[151],"period":[155],"reverse":[157],"true.":[159],"Shoot":[160],"potential":[162],"significantly":[163,244,256],"increased":[164,190,212,238,394],"(became":[165],"less":[166],"negative)":[167],"with":[168,191,211,239,306,340,395],"increasing":[169,307,341,396],"Setaria.":[174],"Similar":[175],"statistically":[177,283],"nonsignificant":[178],"trends":[179],"found":[181,316],"Abutilon.":[185],"Overall":[186],"photosynthesis":[189],"there":[194,343,409],"significant":[197,347,373],"level,":[202],"photosynthetic":[206],"rates.":[207],"Stomatal":[208],"conductance":[209],"decreased":[210],"high":[216,227],"low":[218],"light":[219,228],"levels":[220,229],"C3":[222],"only":[225,294],"C4":[231],"all":[234],"species,":[235],"intercellular":[236],"external":[240],"CO2.":[241,308],"flowered":[243,255],"earlier":[245,277],"later":[257],"either":[263],"other":[266],"levels.":[268,453],"Both":[269],"showed":[273,299,419],"a":[274,300,346,372,420,422],"trend":[275],"towards":[276],"this":[280,379],"not":[282,381],"significant.":[284],"Of":[285],"morphological":[287],"characters":[288,370],"measured":[289],"final":[292],"harvest":[293],"specific":[295],"leaf":[296,318,320],"area":[297],"(SLA)":[298],"consistent":[301],"response":[302,367,433],"CO2,":[304,435],"decreasing":[305],"Significant":[309],"x":[311,349,375],"interactions":[313,446],"also":[315,345],"area,":[319],"biomass,":[321],"parts,":[325],"seed":[327],"indicating":[329],"species\u2014specific":[330],"responses":[331],"these":[333,437,448],"characters.":[334],"The":[335,366],"proportion":[336,360],"declined":[339],"CO2:":[342],"interaction":[351],"caused":[352,383],"by":[353,384],"different":[355],"rates":[356],"decline":[358],"among":[363,447],"most":[369],"had":[371],"interaction.":[377],"However,":[378],"simply":[382],"C3/C4":[386],"dichotomy.":[387],"Reproductive":[388],"(seed,":[390],"fruits,":[391],"flowers)":[393],"(C4)":[400],"(both":[406],"C3),":[407],"change":[412],"(C3)":[418],"peak":[421],"Species":[425],"same":[428],"differed":[430],"differences":[438],"may":[439],"help":[440],"explain":[441],"outcome":[443],"competitive":[445],"above":[450],"ambient":[451]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}