{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966599531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345770560020301","title":"Color of Gingival Tissues of Blacks and Whites","display_name":"Color of Gingival Tissues of Blacks and Whites","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966599531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345770560020301","mag":"1966599531","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/264877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00220345770560020301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345770560020301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345770560020301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62865007","display_name":"Journal of Dental Research","issn_l":"0022-0345","issn":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Dental Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/67985","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048125234","display_name":"John M. Powers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9926-4548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9926-4548"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Powers","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046456876","display_name":"Ana Jacqueline","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline A. Capp","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005168696","display_name":"Andrew Koran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Koran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.43,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53268765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"112","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.41990000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.41990000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":0.1981000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.12950000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gingival-color","display_name":"gingival color","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gingiva","display_name":"gingiva","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanin-pigmentation","display_name":"melanin pigmentation","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attached-gingiva","display_name":"attached gingiva","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-value","display_name":"color value","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-intensity","display_name":"color intensity","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hue","display_name":"hue","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/munsell-color-system","display_name":"Munsell color system","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescent-lighting","display_name":"fluorescent lighting","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gingival-pigmentation","display_name":"gingival pigmentation","score":0.6819999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.9126555323600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.47923544049263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4777085781097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44426408410072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107538193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187526","display_name":"Melanin","level":2,"score":0.4309285283088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019497199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853516","display_name":"Skin color","level":2,"score":0.42950814962387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193601281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19426","display_name":"Lightness","level":2,"score":0.4233984351158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12361946702003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10128170251846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08580106496810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.05645433068275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005881","descriptor_name":"Gingiva","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008543","descriptor_name":"Melanins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010858","descriptor_name":"Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013472","descriptor_name":"Sunlight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00220345770560020301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345770560020301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345770560020301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62865007","display_name":"Journal of Dental Research","issn_l":"0022-0345","issn":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Dental Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:264877","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/264877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of dental research","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/67985","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/67985","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/67985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/67985","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/67985","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/67985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308804","display_name":"International Association for Dental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/008vgd385"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332629","display_name":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1966599531.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1966599531.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559370560","https://openalex.org/W2012339931","https://openalex.org/W2018063814","https://openalex.org/W2020301964","https://openalex.org/W2039190717","https://openalex.org/W2069036886","https://openalex.org/W2082338371","https://openalex.org/W2096909335","https://openalex.org/W2992116286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2416518550","https://openalex.org/W2282318583","https://openalex.org/W1996632476","https://openalex.org/W2019066923","https://openalex.org/W2522217970","https://openalex.org/W2388077973","https://openalex.org/W2196858417","https://openalex.org/W2567985357","https://openalex.org/W4394786414","https://openalex.org/W2350111445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Value,":[0],"chroma,":[1],"and":[2,9,23,37,48,54,86],"hue":[3],"of":[4,6,29,34,52,57,70,96,105,111,130],"gingiva":[5,33,71],"100":[7,10],"black":[8,77],"white":[11],"patients":[12,78],"were":[13],"measured":[14],"clinically":[15],"with":[16,99],"Munsell":[17],"color":[18,28,69,125],"tabs":[19],"under":[20,24,65],"fluorescent":[21,66,113],"light":[22,114],"simulated":[25,107],"daylight.":[26],"The":[27,68,103],"uniformly":[30,100],"pigmented":[31,72,101],"attached":[32],"both":[35],"blacks":[36],"whites":[38],"was":[39,79],"described":[40,126],"most":[41],"often":[42],"by":[43,73,127],"a":[44,50,55,93,106,112,121],"value":[45,82],"between":[46],"5/":[47],"7/,":[49],"chroma":[51,87],"/4,":[53],"range":[56,95],"hues":[58,97],"from":[59],"2.5R":[60],"to":[61,84,89],"7.5R":[62],"when":[63],"determined":[64],"light.":[67],"melanin":[74],"in":[75,81,116,120,124],"61":[76],"lower":[80],"(3/":[83],"4/)":[85],"(/1":[88],"/2)":[90],"but":[91],"had":[92],"similar":[94],"compared":[98],"gingiva.":[102],"use":[104],"daylight":[108],"source":[109],"instead":[110],"present":[115],"the":[117],"clinic":[118],"resulted":[119],"modest":[122],"change":[123],"an":[128],"I":[129],"no":[131],"more":[132],"than":[133],"3.6.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
