{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966525527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2013.124","title":"Towards a Domain-Independent ITS Middleware Architecture","display_name":"Towards a Domain-Independent ITS Middleware Architecture","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966525527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2013.124","mag":"1966525527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icalt.2013.124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2013.124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2013.124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608377","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042159463","display_name":"Sebastian Gro\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5627-9341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5627-9341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43980791","display_name":"Clausthal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qb8nc58","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43980791"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany","Dept. of Inf., Clausthal Univ. of Technol., Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43980791"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf., Clausthal Univ. of Technol., Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43980791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113581981","display_name":"Bassam Mokbel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassam Mokbel","raw_affiliation_strings":["CITEC center of excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CITEC center of excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091180862","display_name":"Barbara Hammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-5591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-5591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Hammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["CITEC center of excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CITEC center of excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057497085","display_name":"Niels Pinkwart C","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-9737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-9737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43980791","display_name":"Clausthal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qb8nc58","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43980791"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niels Pinkwart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany","Dept. of Inf., Clausthal Univ. of Technol., Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43980791"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf., Clausthal Univ. of Technol., Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43980791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76846356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"408","last_page":"409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13559","display_name":"Edcuational Technology Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-tutoring-systems","display_name":"intelligent tutoring systems","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware-architecture","display_name":"middleware architecture","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reusable-software-components","display_name":"reusable components","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plugin","display_name":"plug-ins","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-based-programming-environment","display_name":"web-based programming environment","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface-elements","display_name":"user interface components","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8611356019973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.7945833206176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.7012842893600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.662002682685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6570769548416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.5073017477989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.491926908493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.47135987877845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4708143174648285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4521203637123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.45122992992401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.4232941269874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3453206419944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26190444827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icalt.2013.124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2013.124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2013.124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608377","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.librecat.org:2670686","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2670686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gross S, Mokbel B, Hammer B, Pinkwart N. Towards a Domain-Independent ITS Middleware Architecture. In: &lt;em&gt;2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies&lt;/em&gt;. 2013: 408-409.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2670686","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2670686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401624","display_name":"Publikationen an der Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld (Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gross S, Mokbel B, Hammer B, Pinkwart N. Towards a Domain-Independent ITS Middleware Architecture. In: &lt;em&gt;2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies&lt;/em&gt;. 2013: 408-409.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484195051","https://openalex.org/W1567653762","https://openalex.org/W1858868033","https://openalex.org/W2009077846","https://openalex.org/W2013565007","https://openalex.org/W2112564774","https://openalex.org/W2122632599","https://openalex.org/W2505424521","https://openalex.org/W6676934228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041380009","https://openalex.org/W2055205197","https://openalex.org/W2129957087","https://openalex.org/W2922757782","https://openalex.org/W403084905","https://openalex.org/W104930927","https://openalex.org/W2172041830","https://openalex.org/W1512720412","https://openalex.org/W4285307934","https://openalex.org/W2288482857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"an":[1,66,69],"Intelligent":[2],"Tutoring":[3],"System":[4],"(ITS)":[5],"from":[6,35],"scratch":[7],"usually":[8],"requires":[9],"technological":[10],"skills,":[11],"expertise":[12],"about":[13],"the":[14,27,36],"domain":[15,39],"and":[16,18,49],"tasks,":[17],"pedagogical":[19],"knowledge.":[20],"We":[21,56],"propose":[22],"a":[23,61],"middleware":[24],"which":[25],"facilitates":[26],"construction":[28],"of":[29,45,68],"intelligently":[30],"supported":[31],"learning":[32,51],"systems":[33],"independently":[34],"underlying":[37],"(formalized)":[38],"knowledge":[40],"using":[41,60],"typical":[42],"re-usable":[43],"components":[44],"ITSs,":[46],"exchangeable":[47],"plug-ins,":[48],"machine":[50],"techniques":[52],"running":[53],"in":[54],"Matlab.":[55],"proved":[57],"our":[58,75],"concept":[59],"web-based":[62],"programming":[63],"environment":[64],"as":[65],"example":[67],"user":[70],"interface":[71],"component":[72],"interacting":[73],"with":[74],"ITS":[76],"middleware.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
