{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966419696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.20301","title":"Conducting biodefense\u2010related research in a highly regulated academic environment","display_name":"Conducting biodefense\u2010related research in a highly regulated academic environment","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966419696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.20301","mag":"1966419696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ddr.20301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.20301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.20301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26306840","display_name":"Drug Development Research","issn_l":"0272-4391","issn":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Development Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102821029","display_name":"Ashok K. Chopra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-3012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-3012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok K. Chopra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070","Microbiology And Immunology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiology And Immunology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109360339","display_name":"Johnny Wayne Peterson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johnny W. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070","Microbiology And Immunology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiology And Immunology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109360339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"],"apc_list":{"value":3980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.264962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"4","first_page":"239","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13055","display_name":"Global Security and Public Health","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13055","display_name":"Global Security and Public Health","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.014700000174343586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14396","display_name":"Healthcare Regulation","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodefense-research","display_name":"biodefense research","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/select-agents","display_name":"select agents","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-regulation","display_name":"research regulation","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-freedom","display_name":"academic freedom","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"national security","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-control","display_name":"quality control","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-restrictions","display_name":"research restrictions","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-agents","display_name":"microbial agents","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-funding","display_name":"research funding","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778545548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914739","display_name":"Biodefense","level":2,"score":0.886407196521759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.6373251080513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5791849493980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5467036366462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4281182885169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414706","display_name":"Academic freedom","level":3,"score":0.42780449986457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.41179031133651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40681320428848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.39322665333747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18918249011039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18488362431526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.14302900433540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13443288207054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1148340106010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.09699869155883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ddr.20301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.20301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.20301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26306840","display_name":"Drug Development Research","issn_l":"0272-4391","issn":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Development Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537917268","https://openalex.org/W1998514373","https://openalex.org/W1999885056","https://openalex.org/W2001476678","https://openalex.org/W2058127285","https://openalex.org/W2064559289","https://openalex.org/W2071846790","https://openalex.org/W2102700418","https://openalex.org/W2110756835","https://openalex.org/W2125244860","https://openalex.org/W2127220978","https://openalex.org/W2133957205","https://openalex.org/W2144244244","https://openalex.org/W2156531131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508654430","https://openalex.org/W2060618399","https://openalex.org/W2075593760","https://openalex.org/W2000184562","https://openalex.org/W4294623345","https://openalex.org/W2081736740","https://openalex.org/W7095426977","https://openalex.org/W2092598659","https://openalex.org/W7075690794","https://openalex.org/W2008019879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"article,":[3],"we":[4],"discuss":[5],"the":[6,32,46,51,57,91,103,108],"impact":[7],"of":[8,35,50,70,85,110,132],"regulations":[9,72],"pertaining":[10],"to":[11,24,78,81,89,94,122,129],"national":[12],"security":[13],"and":[14,48,75,96,125],"quality":[15,49],"control":[16,79],"on":[17,38,53],"scientific":[18],"inquiry,":[19],"especially":[20],"as":[21,117,127],"it":[22],"relates":[23],"performing":[25],"research":[26,52],"in":[27],"an":[28,118],"academic":[29,133],"setting.":[30],"Specifically,":[31],"increasing":[33],"burden":[34],"regulatory":[36],"requirements":[37],"programs":[39,63],"investigating":[40],"select":[41],"agents":[42,87],"has":[43],"negatively":[44],"impacted":[45],"extent":[47,109],"these":[54,62,71],"microbes,":[55],"despite":[56],"fact":[58],"that":[59],"funds":[60],"for":[61,105],"have":[64],"become":[65],"more":[66],"readily":[67],"available.":[68],"Most":[69],"were":[73],"created":[74],"are":[76],"enforced":[77],"access":[80],"a":[82,130],"limited":[83],"number":[84],"microbial":[86],"considered":[88],"be":[90],"greatest":[92],"threat":[93],"civilians":[95],"military":[97],"personnel.":[98],"While":[99],"most":[100],"scientists":[101],"understand":[102],"need":[104],"some":[106,116],"control,":[107],"recent":[111],"restrictions":[112],"is":[113],"seen":[114],"by":[115],"almost":[119],"insurmountable":[120],"barrier":[121],"effective":[123],"research,":[124],"perhaps":[126],"tantamount":[128],"breach":[131],"freedom.":[134],"Drug":[135],"Dev":[136],"Res":[137],"70:239\u2013245,":[138],"2009.":[139],"\u00a9":[140],"2009":[141],"Wiley\u2010Liss,":[142],"Inc.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}