{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966413371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1987.10806451","title":"Comparative Power of Student T Test and Mann-Whitney U Test for Unequal Sample Sizes and Variances","display_name":"Comparative Power of Student T Test and Mann-Whitney U Test for Unequal Sample Sizes and Variances","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966413371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1987.10806451","mag":"1966413371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220973.1987.10806451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1987.10806451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1987.10806451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143721676","display_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","issn_l":"0022-0973","issn":["0022-0973","1940-0683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026169508","display_name":"Donald W. Zimmerman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald W. Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026169508"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":207,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08914066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"171","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.6875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.6875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.09640000015497208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11875","display_name":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-s-t-test","display_name":"Student's t-test","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mann-whitney-u-test","display_name":"Mann-Whitney test","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unequal-sample-sizes","display_name":"unequal sample sizes","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heteroscedasticity","display_name":"heteroscedasticity","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonparametric-alternatives","display_name":"nonparametric alternatives","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-sample-comparison","display_name":"two-sample comparison","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.7153791189193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12868164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424533","display_name":"Mann\u2013Whitney U test","level":2,"score":0.690025269985199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.6250172853469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6199221611022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5929481387138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142259097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314","display_name":"Homogeneity (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5008859634399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.500568151473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29447264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5423649","display_name":"F-test of equality of variances","level":4,"score":0.4987196922302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152587130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092351","display_name":"One-way analysis of variance","level":3,"score":0.4636458158493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.4627656042575836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191093355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9250577","display_name":"Exact test","level":2,"score":0.46157678961753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110460608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386253","display_name":"F-test","level":3,"score":0.45317724347114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44571638107299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40233097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309479","display_name":"Student's t-test","level":3,"score":0.4335319697856903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42541617155075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4141700267791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4100358486175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.3320258557796478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.28032270073890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.15804561972618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169857963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1461038","display_name":"Test statistic","level":3,"score":0.09021949768066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06700330972671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220973.1987.10806451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1987.10806451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1987.10806451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143721676","display_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","issn_l":"0022-0973","issn":["0022-0973","1940-0683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Experimental Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968545474","https://openalex.org/W1971334823","https://openalex.org/W1989314580","https://openalex.org/W2021142183","https://openalex.org/W2063730763","https://openalex.org/W2104626092","https://openalex.org/W2112794329","https://openalex.org/W2113158184","https://openalex.org/W2120106329","https://openalex.org/W2133738611","https://openalex.org/W2158152956","https://openalex.org/W2165890107","https://openalex.org/W2312302135","https://openalex.org/W2314858779","https://openalex.org/W2320554567","https://openalex.org/W2466068903","https://openalex.org/W2561380899","https://openalex.org/W2795849991","https://openalex.org/W4248694980","https://openalex.org/W4253291788","https://openalex.org/W4300665775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049864579","https://openalex.org/W1974384549","https://openalex.org/W1970528088","https://openalex.org/W2126552603","https://openalex.org/W7093821226","https://openalex.org/W4248609464","https://openalex.org/W2084061191","https://openalex.org/W2258656619","https://openalex.org/W4386269250","https://openalex.org/W2753412502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"computer":[1],"program":[2],"generated":[3],"power":[4,53],"functions":[5,54],"of":[6,17,21,23,37,41,55,91,126,136,138],"the":[7,18,42,51,57,61,69,78,88,104,108,111,127],"Student":[8],"t":[9,43,58,112,128],"test":[10,14,44,59,63,80,113,129],"and":[11,27,35,48,60],"Mann-Whitney":[12],"U":[13,62,79],"under":[15,134],"violation":[16,135],"parametric":[19],"assumption":[20],"homogeneity":[22,137],"variance":[24,139],"for":[25],"equal":[26],"unequal":[28],"sample":[29,71,98,106],"sizes.":[30],"In":[31],"addition":[32],"to":[33],"depression":[34],"elevation":[36],"nominal":[38],"significance":[39],"levels":[40],"observed":[45],"by":[46,49,130],"Hsu":[47],"Scheff\u00e9,":[50],"entire":[52,89,119],"both":[56],"were":[64,100],"depressed":[65],"or":[66,102],"elevated.":[67],"When":[68,97],"smaller":[70,76,105],"was":[72,81,114],"associated":[73],"with":[74],"a":[75,131],"variance,":[77,110],"more":[82,115],"powerful":[83,116],"in":[84],"detecting":[85],"differences":[86,93],"over":[87,117],"range":[90],"possible":[92],"between":[94],"population":[95],"means.":[96],"sizes":[99],"equal,":[101],"when":[103],"had":[107],"larger":[109],"this":[118],"range.":[120],"These":[121],"results":[122],"show":[123],"that":[124],"replacement":[125],"nonparametric":[132],"alternative":[133],"does":[140],"not":[141],"necessarily":[142],"maximize":[143],"correct":[144],"decisions.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
