{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966408965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199508000-00004","title":"A Chronic Disease Score with Empirically Derived Weights","display_name":"A Chronic Disease Score with Empirically Derived Weights","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966408965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199508000-00004","mag":"1966408965","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7637401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005650-199508000-00004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199508000-00004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199508000-00004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79233773","display_name":"Medical Care","issn_l":"0025-7079","issn":["0025-7079","1537-1948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063016227","display_name":"Daniel O. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-2056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-2056","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5399-8263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446366","display_name":"Indiana University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/03eftgw80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel O. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Department of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Department of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111787195","display_name":"Michael Von Korff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304127598","display_name":"Group Health Cooperative","ror":"https://ror.org/05kx3hd68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304127598"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Von Korff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group Health Cooperative"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group Health Cooperative","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304127598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055422450","display_name":"Kathleen W. Saunders","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Saunders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114627069","display_name":"William M. Balugh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William M. Balugh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gregory E. Simon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304127598","display_name":"Group Health Cooperative","ror":"https://ror.org/05kx3hd68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304127598"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory E. Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group Health Cooperative"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group Health Cooperative","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304127598"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063016227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.812,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":553,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89069038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"8","first_page":"783","last_page":"795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease-score","display_name":"Chronic Disease Score","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity-assessment","display_name":"disease severity assessment","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescription-data","display_name":"prescription data","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-prediction","display_name":"mortality prediction","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managed-care-enrollees","display_name":"managed care enrollees","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care-consultations","display_name":"primary care visits","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.800858736038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35785553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756720","display_name":"Ambulatory","level":2,"score":0.71120685338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124306116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2512965","display_name":"Ambulatory care","level":3,"score":0.6779543161392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5904785394668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.5759411454200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987552334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383126","display_name":"Chronic disease","level":2,"score":0.5583497881889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43942171335220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.4150201678276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.40327513217926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3845407962799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3652411103248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006279","descriptor_name":"Health Maintenance Organizations","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006305","descriptor_name":"Health Status Indicators","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009819","descriptor_name":"Office Visits","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009819","descriptor_name":"Office Visits","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011307","descriptor_name":"Drug Prescriptions","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014861","descriptor_name":"Washington","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017048","descriptor_name":"Health Care Costs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017063","descriptor_name":"Outcome Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005650-199508000-00004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199508000-00004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199508000-00004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79233773","display_name":"Medical Care","issn_l":"0025-7079","issn":["0025-7079","1537-1948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7637401","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7637401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical care","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042353763","https://openalex.org/W2050930712","https://openalex.org/W3093292644","https://openalex.org/W2073417639","https://openalex.org/W2894437219","https://openalex.org/W1987849739","https://openalex.org/W2012127984","https://openalex.org/W1917915479","https://openalex.org/W2018896625","https://openalex.org/W4386329974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Different":[0],"types":[1],"of":[2,14,24,52,65,86,98,104,161,173,228,237,276,312],"medication":[3],"prescribed":[4],"during":[5],"a":[6,25,41,129,134,156,180,225,308],"6-month":[7,131,135,140],"period":[8,132,137,141],"for":[9,50,304],"the":[10,20,66,87,105,139,143,174,194,206,212,231,260,295,321],"treatment":[11],"and":[12,22,35,59,78,133,167,191,242,265,280,286,290,324],"management":[13],"chronic":[15,26,42,68,88,106,144,185,196,208,221,239,262,297],"conditions":[16],"were":[17,37,153],"utilized":[18,38],"in":[19,31,201,316],"refinement":[21],"validation":[23,181],"disease":[27,43,69,89,99,107,145,186,197,209,222,240,263,298],"score.":[28,198],"Prescription":[29],"data,":[30],"addition":[32],"to":[33,39,71,82,112,120,320],"age":[34,289],"sex,":[36],"develop":[40],"score":[44,70,90,108,146,187,210,223,241,264,299],"based":[45,127],"on":[46,128],"empirically":[47,270],"derived":[48,94,271],"weights":[49,272,303],"each":[51],"three":[53],"outcomes:":[54],"total":[55,301],"cost,":[56,58],"outpatient":[57,118,322],"primary":[60,325],"care":[61,74,114,149,214,233,244,267,278,326],"visits.":[62],"The":[63,101,169,183,199,219,235],"ability":[64],"revised":[67,184,207,220,238,261,296],"predict":[72],"health":[73,277],"utilization,":[75],"costs,":[76,281],"hospitalization,":[77],"mortality":[79,229,318],"was":[80,93,177,217,224],"compared":[81,111,319],"an":[83],"earlier":[84],"version":[85],"(original)":[91],"that":[92,259],"through":[95],"clinical":[96],"judgments":[97],"severity.":[100],"predictive":[102,250],"validity":[103],"is":[109],"also":[110],"ambulatory":[113,148,213,232,243,266],"groups,":[115,215],"which":[116],"utilize":[117],"diagnoses":[119],"form":[121],"mutually":[122],"exclusive":[123],"diagnostic":[124],"categories.":[125],"Models":[126],"concurrent":[130],"prospective":[136],"(ie,":[138],"after":[142],"or":[147],"group":[150],"derivation":[151],"period)":[152],"estimated":[154],"using":[155],"random":[157],"one":[158,171,254],"half":[159,172],"sample":[160],"250,000":[162],"managed-care":[163],"enrollees":[164],"aged":[165],"18":[166],"older.":[168],"remaining":[170],"enrollee":[175],"population":[176],"used":[178],"as":[179,282,284,307],"sample.":[182],"showed":[188,246],"improved":[189,274],"estimation":[190],"prediction":[192,275],"over":[193,288],"original":[195],"difference":[200],"variance":[202],"explained":[203],"prospectively":[204],"by":[205],"versus":[211],"conversely,":[216],"small.":[218],"better":[226],"predictor":[227],"than":[230,252],"groups.":[234],"combination":[236],"groups":[245,268],"only":[247],"marginally":[248],"greater":[249],"power":[251],"either":[253],"alone.":[255,292],"These":[256],"results":[257],"suggest":[258],"with":[269,300],"provide":[273],"utilization":[279],"well":[283],"hospitalization":[285],"mortality,":[287],"sex":[291],"We":[293],"recommend":[294],"cost":[302,323],"general":[305],"use":[306],"severity":[309],"measure":[310],"because":[311],"its":[313],"relative":[314],"advantage":[315],"predicting":[317],"visit":[327],"weights.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}