{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966146039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.189","title":"Financial Incentives And Drug Spending In Managed Care","display_name":"Financial Incentives And Drug Spending In Managed Care","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966146039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.189","mag":"1966146039","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10091448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/38150","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110870717","display_name":"Alan L. Hillman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271814","display_name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/033gy9j95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan L. Hillman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072048687","display_name":"Mark V. Pauly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-4825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-4825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271814","display_name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/033gy9j95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark V. Pauly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112031827","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 J. Escarce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9371-0068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9371-0068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271814","display_name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/033gy9j95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 J. Escarce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012014370","display_name":"Kimberly Ripley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271814","display_name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/033gy9j95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimberly Ripley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072869029","display_name":"Martin Gaynor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-2677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-2677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271814","display_name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/033gy9j95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Gaynor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007891226","display_name":"Jon Clouse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271814","display_name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/033gy9j95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Clouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110361291","display_name":"Richard Ross","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271814","display_name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/033gy9j95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Hillman is director, Center for Health Policy, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, and associate dean for health services research in the university's School of Medicine. Mark Pauly holds the Bendheim professorship at the university's Wharton School and is vice-dean of Wharton doctoral programs. Jos\u00e9 Escarce is assistant professor, general internal medicine, University of Pennsylvania; senior fellow, Davis Institute; and associate senior scholar, Center for","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271814","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":62.6039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99895411,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"189","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.040800001472234726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescription-drug-spending","display_name":"prescription drug spending","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managed-care","display_name":"managed care","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-sharing","display_name":"cost sharing","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copayments","display_name":"copayments","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-payment-models","display_name":"physician payment models","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-practice-associations","display_name":"independent practice associations","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-maintenance-organizations","display_name":"health maintenance organizations","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-models","display_name":"network models","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-use","display_name":"medication use","score":0.6520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.756029486656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776680279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5174821","display_name":"Cost sharing","level":2,"score":0.6956345438957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.6547325849533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.6456247568130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780265253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416012","display_name":"Managed care","level":3,"score":0.621658205986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5972411036491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5763738751411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778858636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643563","display_name":"Prescription drug","level":3,"score":0.5475555062294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5266009569168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.5102596282958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806635","display_name":"Medicare Part D","level":4,"score":0.4220181703567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992556508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Health maintenance","level":3,"score":0.41914495825767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.33942508697509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.32944756746292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31084269285202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16972830891609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.14050960540771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0726153552532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004363","descriptor_name":"Drug Utilization","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006279","descriptor_name":"Health Maintenance Organizations","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007193","descriptor_name":"Independent Practice Associations","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007356","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010816","descriptor_name":"Physician Incentive Plans","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012051","descriptor_name":"Reimbursement Mechanisms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017047","descriptor_name":"Cost Sharing","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10091448","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10091448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmid:12523336","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12523336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"LDI issue brief","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/38150","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/38150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"4","raw_type":"Brief"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:ldi_issuebriefs-1111","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/ldi_issuebriefs/3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issue Briefs","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/38150","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/38150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"4","raw_type":"Brief"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964052763","https://openalex.org/W1977646121","https://openalex.org/W1986179577","https://openalex.org/W1997063290","https://openalex.org/W2021281286","https://openalex.org/W2025533540","https://openalex.org/W2042353763","https://openalex.org/W2055675683","https://openalex.org/W2081284782","https://openalex.org/W2083207227","https://openalex.org/W2145804687","https://openalex.org/W2159464029","https://openalex.org/W2167388649","https://openalex.org/W2243919752","https://openalex.org/W2327307180","https://openalex.org/W2766250482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894901759","https://openalex.org/W2182404446","https://openalex.org/W2911354495","https://openalex.org/W2596607618","https://openalex.org/W106822833","https://openalex.org/W2307973733","https://openalex.org/W2342679755","https://openalex.org/W2118024165","https://openalex.org/W49401168","https://openalex.org/W2137675119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"estimates":[2],"the":[3,10,18],"impact":[4],"of":[5,14,20,41],"patient":[6,68],"financial":[7,103],"incentives":[8],"on":[9],"use":[11],"and":[12,44,57],"cost":[13,42],"prescription":[15,71],"drugs":[16,72],"in":[17,34,79,96],"context":[19],"differing":[21],"physician":[22],"payment":[23],"mechanisms.":[24],"A":[25],"large":[26],"data":[27],"set":[28],"was":[29],"developed":[30],"that":[31,66],"covers":[32],"persons":[33],"managed":[35],"care":[36],"who":[37],"pay":[38],"varying":[39],"levels":[40],"sharing":[43],"whose":[45],"physicians":[46,84,101],"are":[47,73,85],"compensated":[48],"under":[49],"two":[50],"different":[51],"models:":[52],"independent":[53],"practice":[54],"association":[55],"(IPA)-model":[56],"network-model":[58],"health":[59],"maintenance":[60],"organizations":[61],"(HMOs).":[62],"Our":[63],"results":[64],"indicate":[65],"higher":[67],"copayments":[69],"for":[70,89,105],"associated":[74],"with":[75],"lower":[76],"drug":[77,90],"spending":[78],"IPA":[80],"models":[81,98],"(in":[82,99],"which":[83,100],"not":[86],"at":[87],"risk":[88,104],"costs)":[91],"but":[92],"have":[93],"little":[94],"effect":[95],"network":[97],"bear":[102],"all":[106],"prescribing":[107],"behavior).":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}