{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966073956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thfe2.1961.4503295","title":"Programming Intelligent Problem Solvers","display_name":"Programming Intelligent Problem Solvers","publication_year":1961,"publication_date":"1961-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966073956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thfe2.1961.4503295","mag":"1966073956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thfe2.1961.4503295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thfe2.1961.4503295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thfe2.1961.4503295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230777","display_name":"IRE transactions on human factors in electronics","issn_l":"0099-4561","issn":["0099-4561","2168-2836","2262-743X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016506844","display_name":"Walter Reitman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walter R. Reitman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Inst. Tech., Pittsburgh, Pa","Carnegie Inst. Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Inst. Tech., Pittsburgh, Pa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Inst. Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016506844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87681159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"HFE-2","issue":"1","first_page":"26","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solving-program","display_name":"problem-solving program","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-programming","display_name":"heuristic programming","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-problem-solving","display_name":"mathematical problem solving","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-logic","display_name":"mathematical logic","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-exercises","display_name":"laboratory exercises","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"natural language understanding","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-strategies","display_name":"research strategies","score":0.7549999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6797158122062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776285698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642214","display_name":"Exposition (narrative)","level":2,"score":0.6445364952087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5511797666549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.5326762795448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5084328055381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38936376571655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10896214842796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/thfe2.1961.4503295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thfe2.1961.4503295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thfe2.1961.4503295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230777","display_name":"IRE transactions on human factors in electronics","issn_l":"0099-4561","issn":["0099-4561","2168-2836","2262-743X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109897293","https://openalex.org/W145832685","https://openalex.org/W175578713","https://openalex.org/W1534094724","https://openalex.org/W1599880985","https://openalex.org/W1969193386","https://openalex.org/W1975049426","https://openalex.org/W1978460546","https://openalex.org/W2011902818","https://openalex.org/W2038706071","https://openalex.org/W2062897452","https://openalex.org/W2073869024","https://openalex.org/W2111748156","https://openalex.org/W2112161977","https://openalex.org/W2119409989","https://openalex.org/W2144113945","https://openalex.org/W2144711910","https://openalex.org/W2167081754","https://openalex.org/W2501960297","https://openalex.org/W3023348153","https://openalex.org/W3095856083","https://openalex.org/W4248847177","https://openalex.org/W4251196936","https://openalex.org/W4392750738","https://openalex.org/W6604509151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516254136","https://openalex.org/W1535040038","https://openalex.org/W77535376","https://openalex.org/W7098013266","https://openalex.org/W7098941352","https://openalex.org/W2058561686","https://openalex.org/W205043379","https://openalex.org/W1594476457","https://openalex.org/W123302943","https://openalex.org/W4230658831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0,5],"do":[1],"problem-solving":[2],"programs":[3,28],"work?":[4],"much":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"accomplished":[9],"with":[10,87],"them":[11],"so":[12],"far?":[13],"What":[14],"kinds":[15],"of":[16,35,38,43,48,69,80,90],"developments":[17],"may":[18],"be":[19],"anticipated":[20],"over":[21],"the":[22,36,67],"next":[23],"few":[24],"years?":[25],"Two":[26],"research":[27,96],"under":[29],"development":[30],"are":[31,72],"discussed":[32],"as":[33],"illustrations":[34],"evolution":[37],"heuristic":[39],"programming":[40],"systems.":[41],"Applications":[42],"these":[44],"techniques":[45],"in":[46,51,56,61,98],"studies":[47],"problem":[49],"solving":[50],"mathematics":[52],"and":[53,58,66,82,95],"symbolic":[54],"logic,":[55],"industrial":[57],"business":[59],"problems,":[60,93],"laboratory":[62],"tasks,":[63],"chess":[64],"playing":[65],"understanding":[68],"language":[70],"also":[71],"considered.":[73],"The":[74,84],"emphasis":[75],"throughout":[76],"is":[77],"on":[78,100],"exposition":[79],"methods":[81],"goals.":[83],"paper":[85],"concludes":[86],"a":[88],"discussion":[89],"longer":[91],"range":[92],"aspirations,":[94],"strategies":[97],"work":[99],"artificial":[101],"intelligence.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
