{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966052052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270003256061","title":"The Mechanisms of the Inhibitory Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti\u2010Inflammatory Drugs on Bone Healing: A Concise Review","display_name":"The Mechanisms of the Inhibitory Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti\u2010Inflammatory Drugs on Bone Healing: A Concise Review","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966052052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270003256061","mag":"1966052052","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12953337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0091270003256061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270003256061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270003256061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146237847","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"0021-9754","issn":["0021-9754","0091-2700","0095-9863","1552-4604","2375-0839","2375-0928"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045176741","display_name":"Adam T. Harder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam T. Harder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, CSB708, Charleston, SC 29425, USA","Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, CSB708, Charleston, SC 29425, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112806645","display_name":"Yuehuei H. An","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuehuei H. An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112806645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":156,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63207547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"8","first_page":"807","last_page":"815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10678","display_name":"Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10678","display_name":"Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11219","display_name":"Bone Metabolism and Diseases","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10658","display_name":"Bone fractures and treatments","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs","display_name":"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-regeneration","display_name":"bone regeneration","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cox-2-inhibitors","display_name":"COX-2 inhibitors","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostaglandins","display_name":"prostaglandins","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-resorption","display_name":"bone resorption","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoclasts","display_name":"osteoclasts","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoblasts","display_name":"osteoblasts","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-healing","display_name":"fracture healing","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7606388330459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8337478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777289","display_name":"Bone healing","level":2,"score":0.7099891304969788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C673006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941581","display_name":"Bone resorption","level":2,"score":0.702039361000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778484676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20707196","display_name":"Nonsteroidal","level":2,"score":0.6497218608856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828410","display_name":"Osteoclast","level":3,"score":0.6163020730018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917177","display_name":"Osteoblast","level":3,"score":0.5627353191375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172268261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4764988","display_name":"Animal studies","level":2,"score":0.5585781335830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5304051637649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.47587624192237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4430532157421112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993291840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121544","display_name":"Bone formation","level":2,"score":0.4110771715641022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3092057704925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.1921693980693817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1604207456111908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.11237242817878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10313543677330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000894","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014945","descriptor_name":"Wound Healing","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016861","descriptor_name":"Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0091270003256061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270003256061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270003256061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146237847","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"0021-9754","issn":["0021-9754","0091-2700","0095-9863","1552-4604","2375-0839","2375-0928"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12953337","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12953337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134556239","https://openalex.org/W284730694","https://openalex.org/W612567572","https://openalex.org/W1504183124","https://openalex.org/W1527507383","https://openalex.org/W1781208039","https://openalex.org/W1939515823","https://openalex.org/W1963901329","https://openalex.org/W1964252613","https://openalex.org/W1967495045","https://openalex.org/W1975440521","https://openalex.org/W1976738963","https://openalex.org/W1984332019","https://openalex.org/W1984631888","https://openalex.org/W1984701700","https://openalex.org/W1989290289","https://openalex.org/W1994487069","https://openalex.org/W1997309519","https://openalex.org/W1998792532","https://openalex.org/W1998975955","https://openalex.org/W1999203472","https://openalex.org/W2002628380","https://openalex.org/W2003359197","https://openalex.org/W2014363460","https://openalex.org/W2017859346","https://openalex.org/W2018318619","https://openalex.org/W2021451961","https://openalex.org/W2024233889","https://openalex.org/W2033798360","https://openalex.org/W2034536358","https://openalex.org/W2039037835","https://openalex.org/W2042408524","https://openalex.org/W2049787159","https://openalex.org/W2050679849","https://openalex.org/W2061156509","https://openalex.org/W2063397701","https://openalex.org/W2063417094","https://openalex.org/W2063971720","https://openalex.org/W2064251373","https://openalex.org/W2073501300","https://openalex.org/W2087140885","https://openalex.org/W2088442254","https://openalex.org/W2091619858","https://openalex.org/W2108570876","https://openalex.org/W2113367889","https://openalex.org/W2129960830","https://openalex.org/W2145012373","https://openalex.org/W2145786818","https://openalex.org/W2182715826","https://openalex.org/W2288661744","https://openalex.org/W2317888114","https://openalex.org/W2331216347","https://openalex.org/W2409799016","https://openalex.org/W2410683455","https://openalex.org/W2411096515","https://openalex.org/W2485798770","https://openalex.org/W3111322523","https://openalex.org/W4235682442","https://openalex.org/W4252371467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051278688","https://openalex.org/W1982141317","https://openalex.org/W7095221630","https://openalex.org/W2176101211","https://openalex.org/W1997956124","https://openalex.org/W7096067151","https://openalex.org/W2809386171","https://openalex.org/W4255366786","https://openalex.org/W2091947254","https://openalex.org/W2168625836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonsteroidal":[0],"anti-inflammatory":[1,285],"drug":[2],"(NSAID)":[3],"use":[4,36],"continues":[5],"to":[6,14,25,146,203,301,338],"expand":[7],"at":[8],"a":[9,45,63,87,188,317,346],"remarkable":[10],"rate":[11],"due":[12],"both":[13],"the":[15,26,31,79,97,130,161,182,232,239,246,255,270,274,290,307],"broad":[16],"spectrum":[17],"of":[18,30,37,47,53,81,89,99,160,195,234,248,254,277,293,306],"clinical":[19,147,347],"applications":[20],"for":[21,66,152,190,229,298],"these":[22,141,153,196,326],"medications":[23],"and":[24,50,69,139,176,205,213,217,221,273],"relatively":[27],"recent":[28],"introduction":[29],"popular":[32],"COX-2-selective":[33,100],"inhibitors.":[34],"The":[35],"NSAIDs":[38,113,135,242,260,279,312],"is":[39,296],"particularly":[40],"prevalent":[41],"in":[42,70,78,115,122,164,193,207,231,251,316,345],"patients":[43],"with":[44,58,118,238],"variety":[46,88],"musculoskeletal":[48],"conditions":[49],"injuries.":[51],"Reports":[52],"impaired":[54,75],"bone":[55,76,103,120,165,174,178,215,223,235,266,299,314],"healing":[56,77,104,121,166,300,315],"associated":[57],"NSAID":[59],"use,":[60],"therefore,":[61],"are":[62,329],"particular":[64],"cause":[65],"concern.":[67],"Animal":[68],"vitro":[71],"studies":[72,95,321,335],"have":[73,105,127,186,200],"demonstrated":[74],"presence":[80],"traditional":[82],"NSAIDs,":[83],"as":[84],"measured":[85],"by":[86,244],"different":[90],"parameters.":[91],"More":[92],"recently,":[93],"initial":[94],"investigating":[96],"effects":[98,155,264,286,328,343],"inhibitors":[101],"on":[102,265],"yielded":[106],"similar":[107,341],"results.":[108],"With":[109],"mounting":[110],"evidence":[111],"that":[112,241,295,323],"do":[114],"fact":[116],"interfere":[117],"proper":[119],"various":[123],"animal":[124],"models,":[125],"questions":[126],"arisen":[128],"regarding":[129],"potential":[131,308],"mechanism":[132,257,309],"through":[133,258,310],"which":[134,259,311],"produce":[136],"this":[137,304],"outcome":[138],"whether":[140,325,340],"results":[142,156,250],"can":[143],"be":[144],"translated":[145],"settings.":[148],"A":[149],"likely":[150,256],"pathway":[151],"observed":[154],"from":[157],"an":[158,171,252],"understanding":[159,253,305],"steps":[162,169],"involved":[163],"itself.":[167],"These":[168],"include":[170],"inflammatory":[172,208],"response,":[173],"resorption,":[175,216],"new":[177,222],"formation.":[179,224],"Investigations":[180],"over":[181],"past":[183],"several":[184],"decades":[185],"elucidated":[187],"role":[189,228],"prostaglandins":[191],"(PGs)":[192],"each":[194],"areas.":[197],"Specifically,":[198],"PGs":[199,230,294],"been":[201],"shown":[202],"elicit":[204],"participate":[206],"responses,":[209],"increase":[210,218],"osteoclast":[211],"activity":[212,220],"subsequent":[214,275],"osteoblast":[219],"This":[225],"apparent":[226],"integral":[227],"process":[233],"healing,":[236],"coupled":[237],"knowledge":[240],"act":[243],"inhibiting":[245,269],"production":[247,276,292],"PGs,":[249,278],"impart":[261],"their":[262,283],"deleterious":[263],"healing.":[267],"By":[268],"COX":[271],"enzymes":[272],"not":[280],"only":[281],"achieve":[282],"desired":[284],"but":[287],"also":[288,330],"inhibit":[289,313],"increased":[291],"necessary":[297],"occur.":[302],"Despite":[303],"laboratory":[318],"setting,":[319],"few":[320],"exist":[322],"show":[324],"inhibitory":[327,342],"evident":[331],"clinically.":[332],"Thus,":[333],"further":[334],"will":[336],"need":[337],"decipher":[339],"occur":[344],"setting.":[348]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
