{"id":"https://openalex.org/W196604971","doi":null,"title":"A twin study on age-related macular degeneration.","display_name":"A twin study on age-related macular degeneration.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W196604971","mag":"196604971","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7886884","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1298527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:621294","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1298527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1298527","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S M Meyers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S M Meyers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76688662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":null,"first_page":"775","last_page":"843"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-macular-degeneration","display_name":"age-related macular degeneration","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monozygotic-twins","display_name":"monozygotic twins","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dizygotic-twins","display_name":"dizygotic twins","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concordance-rate","display_name":"concordance rate","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heritability","display_name":"heritability","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-susceptibility","display_name":"genetic susceptibility","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-changes","display_name":"retinal changes","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sibling-concordance","display_name":"sibling concordance","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hla-typing","display_name":"HLA typing","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zygosity-determination","display_name":"zygosity determination","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-pigment-epithelium","display_name":"retinal pigment epithelium","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choroidal-neovascularization","display_name":"choroidal neovascularization","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.8598856925964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197845989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13048280","display_name":"Zygosity","level":2,"score":0.7983689308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020571626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159979","display_name":"Dizygotic twin","level":4,"score":0.7043887376785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169594400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244775","display_name":"Twin study","level":3,"score":0.5889194011688232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017743773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159979","display_name":"Monozygotic twin","level":2,"score":0.5809500217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909599973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159979","display_name":"Dizygotic twins","level":2,"score":0.5801590085029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776403814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789","display_name":"Macular degeneration","level":2,"score":0.4895394742488861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.44408467411994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.42909735441207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4217599630355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3698292672634125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.32457149028778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161890455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503548","display_name":"Heritability","level":2,"score":0.15846064686775208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004200","descriptor_name":"Diseases in Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004200","descriptor_name":"Diseases in Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005451","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein Angiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006580","descriptor_name":"Genetic Carrier Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010375","descriptor_name":"Pedigree","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014310","descriptor_name":"Triplets","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014429","descriptor_name":"Twins, Dizygotic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014430","descriptor_name":"Twins, Monozygotic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:621294","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1298527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1298527","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1298527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:7886884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7886884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:196604971","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7886884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:621294","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1298527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25288087","https://openalex.org/W100875316","https://openalex.org/W180812339","https://openalex.org/W1963814379","https://openalex.org/W1964155181","https://openalex.org/W1967888295","https://openalex.org/W1969539238","https://openalex.org/W1970286448","https://openalex.org/W1980805294","https://openalex.org/W1980954887","https://openalex.org/W1981556863","https://openalex.org/W1982008008","https://openalex.org/W1986806090","https://openalex.org/W1988549472","https://openalex.org/W1989321578","https://openalex.org/W1990300173","https://openalex.org/W1990693390","https://openalex.org/W1990733333","https://openalex.org/W1991262810","https://openalex.org/W1992250821","https://openalex.org/W1993873080","https://openalex.org/W1996821302","https://openalex.org/W1998436005","https://openalex.org/W2000894287","https://openalex.org/W2001098516","https://openalex.org/W2001989116","https://openalex.org/W2004273134","https://openalex.org/W2007311483","https://openalex.org/W2008408333","https://openalex.org/W2009706585","https://openalex.org/W2011196651","https://openalex.org/W2011612766","https://openalex.org/W2016200686","https://openalex.org/W2021371090","https://openalex.org/W2027248500","https://openalex.org/W2027993492","https://openalex.org/W2029992036","https://openalex.org/W2030113653","https://openalex.org/W2030203122","https://openalex.org/W2036800985","https://openalex.org/W2037771514","https://openalex.org/W2038685565","https://openalex.org/W2039826939","https://openalex.org/W2041407283","https://openalex.org/W2046827192","https://openalex.org/W2050323801","https://openalex.org/W2052796003","https://openalex.org/W2054379046","https://openalex.org/W2056416921","https://openalex.org/W2058172110","https://openalex.org/W2075634939","https://openalex.org/W2075667985","https://openalex.org/W2081972722","https://openalex.org/W2083914050","https://openalex.org/W2084190964","https://openalex.org/W2090311473","https://openalex.org/W2091140580","https://openalex.org/W2092680451","https://openalex.org/W2106870957","https://openalex.org/W2111518900","https://openalex.org/W2115596750","https://openalex.org/W2119768200","https://openalex.org/W2134049044","https://openalex.org/W2141818804","https://openalex.org/W2147440920","https://openalex.org/W2161467354","https://openalex.org/W2171236632","https://openalex.org/W2217612888","https://openalex.org/W2243664762","https://openalex.org/W2318841795","https://openalex.org/W2409830670","https://openalex.org/W2436270917","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300576851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021045531","https://openalex.org/W2107635268","https://openalex.org/W2153345014","https://openalex.org/W7100762598","https://openalex.org/W2090265886","https://openalex.org/W4393199262","https://openalex.org/W2094173563","https://openalex.org/W64158717","https://openalex.org/W1125903042","https://openalex.org/W1996567352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"prospective":[1],"twin":[2,43,85,107,156,170,286,326],"study":[3,349],"on":[4,50],"age-related":[5],"macular":[6],"degeneration":[7],"(AMD)":[8],"recruited":[9,87,288],"83":[10],"monozygotic":[11,112,126,153,179,193,267,285,320],"pairs,":[12,15],"28":[13],"dizygotic":[14,115,135,155,182,204,226,270,325,336],"and":[16,67,113,133,154,167,172,180,200,215,244,277,291,305,321],"one":[17,52,173,222,335],"triplet":[18,174],"set":[19,175],"from":[20,88,96,254,313],"1986":[21,89,103,162,314],"through":[22,90,104,163,315],"1993.":[23,278],"Zygosity":[24],"was":[25,137,263,282,339],"determined":[26],"by":[27],"genetic":[28,353],"testing":[29],"of":[30,75,83,146,202,223,240,251,261,296,300,318,323,347],"red":[31],"cell":[32],"markers,":[33],"HLA":[34],"antigens,":[35],"or":[36,121,188,237,242,303],"specific":[37],"DNA":[38],"loci.":[39],"There":[40],"were":[41,92,109,130,176,197,206,219,328],"no":[42,122,189],"pairs":[44,86,108,116,127,157,171,183,194,205,227,247,287,308,327],"in":[45,228,266,269,289,294],"which":[46,338],"I":[47,68],"collected":[48],"data":[49,346],"only":[51],"twin.":[53],"To":[54],"decrease":[55],"ascertainment":[56],"bias,":[57],"after":[58,98],"1991":[59,91],"the":[60,79,224,229,248,297,334],"recruitment":[61],"notice":[62],"did":[63,69,148],"not":[64,70,149],"mention":[65],"AMD,":[66],"ask":[71],"about":[72],"a":[73,352],"history":[74],"eye":[76,80],"disease":[77],"before":[78],"examination.":[81],"Because":[82],"this,":[84],"statistically":[93],"analyzed":[94],"separately":[95],"those":[97],"January":[99],"1,":[100],"1992.":[101],"From":[102],"1991,":[105],"23":[106,317,319],"recruited;":[110,177],"11":[111],"2":[114,201,216,236,322],"had":[117,184],"nonAMD":[118,185],"retinal":[119,123,186,190],"changes":[120,187],"abnormalities,":[124,191],"9":[125],"with":[128,195,214],"AMD":[129,147,196,252,262],"all":[131,198],"concordant,":[132,199],"1":[134],"pair":[136,337],"discordant":[138,225,340],"for":[139,161,208,275,284,330,341],"basal":[140,342],"laminar":[141,343],"drusen.":[142,344],"The":[143,210,258,279,345],"concordance":[144,249,259,280],"rate":[145,250,260,281],"differ":[150],"significantly":[151,264],"between":[152],"(P":[158,272,309],"=":[159,273],".10)":[160],"1991.":[164],"In":[165,232],"1992":[166,276,290],"1993,":[168,316],"88":[169],"49":[178],"19":[181],"14":[192],"7":[203],"concordant":[207,329],"AMD.":[209,356],"nonidentical":[211],"triplets":[212],"(1":[213],"without":[217],"AMD)":[218],"categorized":[220],"as":[221],"statistical":[230],"evaluation.":[231],"nontwin":[233,301],"age-matched":[234],"(within":[235],"5":[238],"years":[239],"age)":[241],"age-":[243,304],"sex-matched":[245,306],"sibling":[246,307],"ranged":[253],"16%":[255],"to":[256,355],"25%.":[257],"higher":[265,283],"than":[268,293],"twins":[271],".001)":[274],"1993":[292],"any":[295],"four":[298],"subsets":[299],"age-method":[302],"<":[310],".0001).":[311],"Overall,":[312],"8":[324],"AMD;":[331],"this":[332,348],"included":[333],"strongly":[350],"suggest":[351],"predisposition":[354]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
