{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966042290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3883.1054","title":"Sterile Soil from Antarctica: Organic Analysis","display_name":"Sterile Soil from Antarctica: Organic Analysis","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966042290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3883.1054","mag":"1966042290","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5769761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.164.3883.1054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3883.1054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3883.1054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111728451","display_name":"N. H. Horowitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. H. Horowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110435375","display_name":"Albert J. Bauman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Bauman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111407877","display_name":"Roy E. Cameron","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. E. Cameron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P. J. Geiger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. J. Geiger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. S. Hubbard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. S. Hubbard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086877417","display_name":"Garson P. Shulman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. P. Shulman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101879515","display_name":"Peter G. Simmonds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9159-2495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9159-2495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. G. Simmonds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023446007","display_name":"Karl Westberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Westberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84702213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"164","issue":"3883","first_page":"1054","last_page":"1056"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12180","display_name":"Polar Research and Ecology","score":0.9307000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12180","display_name":"Polar Research and Ecology","score":0.9307000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antarctic-soils","display_name":"Antarctic soils","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-carbon","display_name":"organic carbon","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthracite-coal","display_name":"anthracite coal","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-contamination","display_name":"microbial contamination","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-valleys","display_name":"dry valleys","score":0.6169999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47143284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182458","display_name":"Anthracite","level":3,"score":0.7943915128707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.6147387027740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6034985780715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158787203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291","display_name":"Total organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.5881110429763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.4418783187866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.40254783630371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3840615153312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.38386571407318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.36669403314590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.3368281126022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.3046569228172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.21165049076080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16363796591758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10419318079948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0778803825378418}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000864","descriptor_name":"Antarctic Regions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012988","descriptor_name":"Soil Microbiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.164.3883.1054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3883.1054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3883.1054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:5769761","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5769761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:62844","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/62844/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650030868","https://openalex.org/W1994767442","https://openalex.org/W2011858072","https://openalex.org/W2032743824","https://openalex.org/W2067434913","https://openalex.org/W2086209435","https://openalex.org/W2101752044","https://openalex.org/W2612330568","https://openalex.org/W3210040530","https://openalex.org/W4300042296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2774164524","https://openalex.org/W2801090015","https://openalex.org/W2175408214","https://openalex.org/W1987328005","https://openalex.org/W7028711306","https://openalex.org/W4385781104","https://openalex.org/W2017080802","https://openalex.org/W2024267192","https://openalex.org/W808979971","https://openalex.org/W2095788205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soils":[0],"from":[1],"the":[2,11,30,44],"dry-valley":[3],"region":[4],"of":[5,20,24,47],"Antarctica":[6],"can":[7],"be":[8],"sterile":[9],"by":[10],"usual":[12],"microbiological":[13],"criteria":[14],"and":[15],"yet":[16],"contain":[17],"significant":[18,41],"amounts":[19],"organic":[21,31],"carbon.":[22],"Examination":[23],"one":[25],"such":[26],"soil":[27],"shows":[28],"that":[29],"material":[32],"is":[33],"finely":[34],"divided":[35],"anthracite":[36],"coal.":[37],"These":[38],"findings":[39],"have":[40],"implications":[42],"for":[43],"biological":[45],"exploration":[46],"Mars.":[48]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
