{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966022079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1988.9964067","title":"Competition and competitive groupings: An exploratory study in information technology markets","display_name":"Competition and competitive groupings: An exploratory study in information technology markets","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966022079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1988.9964067","mag":"1966022079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0267257x.1988.9964067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1988.9964067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1988.9964067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14291815","display_name":"Journal of Marketing Management","issn_l":"0267-257X","issn":["0267-257X","1472-1376"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marketing Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111953132","display_name":"Malcolm T. Cunningham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm T. Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester School of Management, U.M.I.S.T., P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester School of Management, U.M.I.S.T., P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056335885","display_name":"K. Culligan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kieron L. Culligan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester School of Management, U.M.I.S.T., P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester School of Management, U.M.I.S.T., P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.884041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"148","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.3181000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.3181000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13151","display_name":"Business Strategies and Innovation","score":0.18310000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.12359999865293503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-groups","display_name":"competitive groups","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"competitive advantage","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/it-industry","display_name":"IT industry","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-groups","display_name":"strategic groups","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-mobility","display_name":"mobility barriers","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-rivalry","display_name":"competitive rivalry","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-needs","display_name":"customer needs","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-networks","display_name":"telecommunications networks","score":0.8119999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2901966","display_name":"Rivalry","level":2,"score":0.7969353795051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.7566360235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.714134931564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6336934566497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.6318039894104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.50358647108078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5008268356323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4898092448711395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.46496134996414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4323728084564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23112884163856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13103654980659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.09025385975837708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0267257x.1988.9964067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1988.9964067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1988.9964067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14291815","display_name":"Journal of Marketing Management","issn_l":"0267-257X","issn":["0267-257X","1472-1376"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marketing Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576542400","https://openalex.org/W577552570","https://openalex.org/W627906950","https://openalex.org/W654384793","https://openalex.org/W1498753468","https://openalex.org/W1587216242","https://openalex.org/W1969642481","https://openalex.org/W1971422112","https://openalex.org/W1998691772","https://openalex.org/W2016865483","https://openalex.org/W2018863071","https://openalex.org/W2041254829","https://openalex.org/W2044904859","https://openalex.org/W2045238523","https://openalex.org/W2070354804","https://openalex.org/W2071505436","https://openalex.org/W2084720733","https://openalex.org/W2093745237","https://openalex.org/W2118342819","https://openalex.org/W2120354674","https://openalex.org/W2320755657","https://openalex.org/W2330803963","https://openalex.org/W2607458903","https://openalex.org/W2768986419","https://openalex.org/W2889093492","https://openalex.org/W3144074959","https://openalex.org/W4243353477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255635877","https://openalex.org/W52337983","https://openalex.org/W4388174419","https://openalex.org/W2000132064","https://openalex.org/W2378382310","https://openalex.org/W4310529434","https://openalex.org/W2034206709","https://openalex.org/W1976204679","https://openalex.org/W2037914291","https://openalex.org/W3097192769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,46,74],"focus":[1],"of":[2,28,35,41,50,53,61,71,86,103,142,162,168],"the":[3,7,23,32,42,62,65,69,72,84,94,101,104,110,122,160,166],"research":[4,63,116],"is":[5,55,97],"upon":[6,78,100,114],"means":[8],"by":[9,107,126],"which":[10],"firms":[11,54],"can":[12],"both":[13],"create":[14],"and":[15,31,48,68,79,91,146],"sustain":[16],"a":[17,36,153],"competitive":[18,29,51,66,105,133],"advantage.":[19],"paper":[21],"addresses":[22],"relationship":[24],"between":[25],"shifting":[26],"patterns":[27,141],"rivalry":[30],"emerging":[33],"structure":[34],"volatile,":[37],"but":[38],"growing":[39],"branch":[40],"Information":[43],"Technology":[44],"Industry.":[45],"concept":[47],"existence":[49],"groups":[52],"explored":[56],"from":[57],"three":[58],"perspectives:":[59],"those":[60],"analyst,":[64],"suppliers":[67,127],"customers":[70,138],"service.":[73],"first":[75],"perspective":[76,96,112],"draws":[77,113],"applies":[80],"previous":[81],"work":[82],"in":[83,121,132,152],"field":[85,115],"strategic":[87,147],"groups,":[88],"mobility":[89],"barriers":[90],"company":[92],"competences;":[93],"second":[95],"operational,":[98],"based":[99],"perception":[102],"environment":[106],"practising":[108],"managers;":[109],"final":[111],"into":[117],"customer":[118],"organisation":[119],"rooted":[120],"notion":[123],"that":[124],"differentiation":[125],"will":[128],"only":[129],"be":[130],"manifest":[131],"advantage":[134],"when":[135],"it":[136],"matches":[137],"needs.":[139],"Different":[140],"competition":[143],"are":[144,150],"identified":[145],"management":[148],"choices":[149],"highlighted":[151],"product":[154],"market":[155],"undergoing":[156],"turbulent":[157],"development":[158],"with":[159],"onset":[161],"telecommunication":[163],"networks":[164],"for":[165],"transmission":[167],"computerised":[169],"data":[170],"bases.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}