{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965985303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3764425","title":"San Diego's Tough Stand on Research Fraud","display_name":"San Diego's Tough Stand on Research Fraud","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965985303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3764425","mag":"1965985303","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3764425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.3764425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3764425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3764425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111368732","display_name":"Eliot Marshall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-060X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-060X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eliot Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111368732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.103,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99381643,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"234","issue":"4776","first_page":"534","last_page":"535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13720","display_name":"Benford\u2019s Law and Fraud Detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-fraud","display_name":"scientific fraud","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-fabrication","display_name":"data fabrication","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publication-ethics","display_name":"publication ethics","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-review","display_name":"peer review","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-authorship","display_name":"co-authorship","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trainee-supervision","display_name":"trainee supervision","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-misconduct-investigation","display_name":"scientific misconduct investigations","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-california-san-diego","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781168864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16515017","display_name":"Courtesy","level":2,"score":0.9159864187240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47353383898735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.43917155265808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43142229318618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4280785918235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.36882340908050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.33408981561660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.29834601283073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2760965824127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19840008020401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17309007048606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15811949968338013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005180","descriptor_name":"Faculty, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012577","descriptor_name":"Schools, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035081","descriptor_name":"Editorial Policies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.3764425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3764425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3764425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3764425","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3764425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"News"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/728790","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=San+Diego's+Tough+Stand+on+Research+Fraud&title=Science.+&volume=234&issue=4776&pages=534-535&date=1986&au=Marshall,+Eliot","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:KIE/22727","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/815453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=San+Diego's+tough+stand+on+research+fraud&title=Science+&volume=234&issue=4776&spage=534-535&date=1986-10&au=Marshall,+Eliot","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:68671","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126100289","https://openalex.org/W1988367884","https://openalex.org/W1964123855","https://openalex.org/W2322007213","https://openalex.org/W7808148","https://openalex.org/W1967686496","https://openalex.org/W2029855011","https://openalex.org/W2412626723","https://openalex.org/W2000349118","https://openalex.org/W1994924610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robert":[0],"Slutsky,":[1],"a":[2,24,54,57],"researcher":[3,26],"at":[4,13],"the":[5,9,66,82,86],"medical":[6],"school":[7],"of":[8,11,43,48,69,77,88,107,111,115,119],"University":[10],"California":[12],"San":[14],"Diego,":[15],"fabricated":[16],"cardioradiological":[17],"research":[18],"data,":[19],"and":[20,65,85,90,109,117],"was":[21,73],"exposed":[22],"when":[23],"senior":[25,78],"compared":[27],"published":[28],"papers.":[29],"Two":[30],"nondepartmental":[31],"committees":[32],"determined":[33],"that":[34],"13":[35],"papers":[36],"were":[37,42,59,95],"fraudulent":[38],"while":[39],"55":[40],"others":[41],"questionable":[44],"validity.":[45],"Coauthors,":[46],"many":[47],"whom":[49],"had":[50],"been":[51],"listed":[52],"as":[53],"courtesy":[55],"or":[56],"favor,":[58],"asked":[60],"to":[61,80,92],"defend":[62],"their":[63],"work,":[64],"whole":[67],"issue":[68],"emphasis":[70],"on":[71,104],"publications":[72],"examined.":[74],"The":[75],"failure":[76,87],"staff":[79],"catch":[81],"fraud":[83],"earlier":[84],"fellows":[89],"assistants":[91],"alert":[93],"higher-ups":[94],"also":[96],"reported.":[97],"Recommendations":[98],"made":[99],"concerning":[100],"peer":[101],"review":[102],"focused":[103],"quality,":[105],"contribution":[106],"coauthors,":[108],"development":[110],"guidelines":[112],"for":[113],"supervision":[114],"trainees":[116],"standards":[118],"production.":[120],"(KIE":[121],"abstract)":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}