{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965880964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.195.4279.675","title":"Origins of Sulfur in Coal: Importance of the Ester Sulfate Content of Peat","display_name":"Origins of Sulfur in Coal: Importance of the Ester Sulfate Content of Peat","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965880964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.195.4279.675","mag":"1965880964","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17816416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.195.4279.675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.195.4279.675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.195.4279.675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072963714","display_name":"Daniel J. Casagrande","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2293663","display_name":"Governors State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtq7t14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2293663"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Casagrande","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Governors State University, Park Forest South, Illinois 60466"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Governors State University, Park Forest South, Illinois 60466","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2293663"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kristine Siefert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2293663","display_name":"Governors State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtq7t14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2293663"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristine Siefert","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Governors State University, Park Forest South, Illinois 60466"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Governors State University, Park Forest South, Illinois 60466","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2293663"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2293663"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6197,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91978022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"195","issue":"4279","first_page":"675","last_page":"676"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12218","display_name":"Coal and Its By-products","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12218","display_name":"Coal and Its By-products","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11284","display_name":"Coal Properties and Utilization","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-in-coal","display_name":"coal sulfur","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peat","display_name":"peat","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfate-esters","display_name":"sulfate esters","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-incorporation","display_name":"sulfur incorporation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-formation","display_name":"coal formation","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-speciation","display_name":"sulfur speciation","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organosulfur-compounds","display_name":"organosulfur compounds","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518881349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682","display_name":"Sulfur","level":2,"score":0.9350305795669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53657456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184624","display_name":"Peat","level":2,"score":0.9213449954986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.7883093953132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.7321463823318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6414839625358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65192284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7636225","display_name":"Sulfur metabolism","level":3,"score":0.4844110608100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.47634127736091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4705296754837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2500762939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09583213925361633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07447052001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.059801459312438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.195.4279.675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.195.4279.675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.195.4279.675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17816416","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17816416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007560900","https://openalex.org/W2040807009","https://openalex.org/W2043874750","https://openalex.org/W2065658758","https://openalex.org/W2078365418","https://openalex.org/W4230346187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021790279","https://openalex.org/W2038066842","https://openalex.org/W1989953829","https://openalex.org/W2090090213","https://openalex.org/W2007239897","https://openalex.org/W2494534554","https://openalex.org/W2021613350","https://openalex.org/W2142678325","https://openalex.org/W266283303","https://openalex.org/W2121890777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"sulfur":[1,10,27,42],"found":[2,44],"in":[3,6,28,45],"coal":[4],"stems":[5],"large":[7],"part":[8],"from":[9],"incorporation":[11],"at":[12],"the":[13,26,37],"peat-forming":[14],"stage.":[15],"Ester":[16],"sulfate":[17],"(a":[18],"carbon-oxygen-sulfur":[19],"linkage)":[20],"is":[21,32],"a":[22],"major":[23],"contributor":[24],"to":[25],"peat":[29],"and":[30,39],"thus":[31],"an":[33],"important":[34],"determiner":[35],"of":[36,41],"quantity":[38],"forms":[40],"eventually":[43],"coal.":[46]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}