{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965830146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650040423","title":"The effect of age and menopause on bone mineral density of the proximal femur","display_name":"The effect of age and menopause on bone mineral density of the proximal femur","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965830146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650040423","mag":"1965830146","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2816509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650040423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650040423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650040423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128199769","display_name":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","issn_l":"0884-0431","issn":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076250917","display_name":"L. R. Hedlund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars R. Hedlund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037448661","display_name":"John Christopher Gallagher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-9183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-9183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.C. Gallagher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037448661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"],"apc_list":{"value":3780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3780},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97855314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"639","last_page":"642"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10756","display_name":"Estrogen and related hormone effects","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menopause","display_name":"menopause","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral-density","display_name":"bone mineral density","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximal-femur","display_name":"proximal femur","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femoral-neck","display_name":"femoral neck","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ward-s-triangle","display_name":"Ward's triangle","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trochanter","display_name":"trochanter","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-bone-loss","display_name":"age-related bone loss","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postmenopausal-women","display_name":"postmenopausal women","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estrogen-therapy","display_name":"estrogen therapy","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hip-fracture-prevention","display_name":"hip fracture prevention","score":0.8809999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8800140619277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351537","display_name":"Trochanter","level":4,"score":0.7761886715888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177708","display_name":"Menopause","level":2,"score":0.7650044560432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775854910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4844892","display_name":"Femoral neck","level":3,"score":0.7423734068870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780554211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176503","display_name":"Femur","level":2,"score":0.6944125890731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.6924474239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778375840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5600920","display_name":"Greater trochanter","level":3,"score":0.5212610363960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.5206393599510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777164284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277954","display_name":"Estrogen","level":2,"score":0.4598684012889862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779329777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304401","display_name":"Bone density","level":3,"score":0.459267258644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.3349868357181549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3294157385826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2845674753189087}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008593","descriptor_name":"Menopause","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008903","descriptor_name":"Minerals","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011877","descriptor_name":"Radionuclide Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650040423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650040423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650040423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128199769","display_name":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","issn_l":"0884-0431","issn":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2816509","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2816509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7869413143","display_name":"OSTEOPORSIS","funder_award_id":"P50AR039221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8660072268","display_name":"HORMONE THERAPY FOR POSTMENOPAUSAL BONE LOSS","funder_award_id":"2r01am029792-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/006zn3t30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41988930","https://openalex.org/W1826010384","https://openalex.org/W1971290372","https://openalex.org/W1975184549","https://openalex.org/W2000342414","https://openalex.org/W2004280643","https://openalex.org/W2029326824","https://openalex.org/W2045054294","https://openalex.org/W2046983302","https://openalex.org/W2052858021","https://openalex.org/W2053593143","https://openalex.org/W2101729306","https://openalex.org/W2105589075","https://openalex.org/W2166774189","https://openalex.org/W2237539561","https://openalex.org/W2291138915","https://openalex.org/W2341127235","https://openalex.org/W2410022472","https://openalex.org/W2442024088","https://openalex.org/W2742718982","https://openalex.org/W4252638501","https://openalex.org/W4294307685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039608151","https://openalex.org/W2099664927","https://openalex.org/W2028587904","https://openalex.org/W2329640292","https://openalex.org/W2382958985","https://openalex.org/W2391858530","https://openalex.org/W2006700058","https://openalex.org/W2062551980","https://openalex.org/W2153108218","https://openalex.org/W2035364124"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,21,31,38,48,58,84,103,105,130,135,140,145,155,158,166,174,179,197,222,226],"menopause":[2,43,190,235],"has":[3,15,26,207],"been":[4,18,27,208],"associated":[5],"with":[6,90,107],"increased":[7],"bone":[8,45,53],"loss":[9,46,170,176,218],"at":[10,126],"several":[11],"skeletal":[12],"sites,":[13],"it":[14],"not":[16],"previously":[17],"noted":[19],"in":[20,47,68,81,92,112,129,142,157,178,196,219],"hip,":[22],"yet":[23],"estrogen":[24,205,230],"therapy":[25,206,232],"reported":[28,209],"to":[29,161,210],"reduce":[30],"incidence":[32],"of":[33,40,57,83,144,165,173,194,221,228],"hip":[34,212],"fractures.":[35],"We":[36],"investigated":[37],"effect":[39],"age":[41,91,108,188],"and":[42,63,87,95,148,171,189],"on":[44],"proximal":[49,198,223],"femur":[50,224],"by":[51,65],"measuring":[52],"mineral":[54],"density":[55],"(BMD)":[56],"femoral":[59,85,146,168],"neck,":[60],"Ward's":[61,88],"triangle,":[62],"trochanter":[64,104,149],"dual-photon":[66],"absorptiometry":[67],"263":[69],"normal":[70],"women":[71,97,114],"aged":[72],"20-84.":[73],"Multiple":[74],"regression":[75],"analyses":[76],"revealed":[77,121],"a":[78],"significant":[79,110],"decrease":[80,106,141],"BMD":[82,123,143,195,220],"neck":[86,147,169],"triangle":[89],"both":[93,187],"pre-":[94],"postmenopausal":[96,113,132,181,217],"(p":[98,115],"less":[99,116],"than":[100,117,154],"0.001).":[101,118],"In":[102],"was":[109,150],"only":[111],"Further":[119],"analysis":[120],"that":[122,186],"decreased":[124],"faster":[125],"all":[127],"sites":[128],"early":[131,180,216],"years.":[133],"During":[134],"first":[136],"6":[137],"years":[138],"postmenopause,":[139],"3-10":[151],"times":[152],"higher":[153],"change":[156],"decade":[159],"prior":[160],"menopause.":[162],"About":[163],"20%":[164],"lifetime":[167],"30%":[172],"trochanteric":[175],"occurred":[177],"period.":[182],"It":[183],"is":[184],"concluded":[185],"are":[191],"major":[192],"determinants":[193],"femur.":[199],"These":[200],"findings":[201],"could":[202],"explain":[203],"why":[204],"prevent":[211],"fracture.":[213],"The":[214],"rapid":[215],"demonstrates":[225],"importance":[227],"starting":[229],"replacement":[231],"immediately":[233],"after":[234],"for":[236],"maximum":[237],"effect.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}