{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965780010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","title":"Effects of feedback of information on clinical practice: a review.","display_name":"Effects of feedback of information on clinical practice: a review.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965780010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","mag":"1965780010","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1912809","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1670701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/303/6799/398.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1965780010"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/303/6799/398.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113565455","display_name":"Miranda Mugford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Mugford","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069364287","display_name":"Philip Banfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-3479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-3479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Banfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040795459","display_name":"Mary O'Hanlon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M O'Hanlon","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7377,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":326,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"303","issue":"6799","first_page":"398","last_page":"402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.23499999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.23499999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12664","display_name":"Clinical practice guidelines implementation","score":0.14949999749660492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.1386999934911728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-feedback","display_name":"information feedback","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-practice-change","display_name":"clinical practice change","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-audit","display_name":"clinical audit","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practice-review","display_name":"practice review","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-assurance","display_name":"quality assurance","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-management","display_name":"health management","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-systems","display_name":"health information systems","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.6910216808319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5587053298950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.5460420250892639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5406256914138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.4884306490421295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4573909044265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.45561251044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.44601890444755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44311463832855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.42306435108184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.4169851243495941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.40590816736221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.37629765272140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.373369425535202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.12823528051376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.08833983540534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007255","descriptor_name":"Information Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008485","descriptor_name":"Medical Audit","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010818","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Physicians'","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015510","descriptor_name":"Clinical Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/303/6799/398.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1912809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1912809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1670701","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1670701/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6799.398","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/303/6799/398.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965780010.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965780010.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79247416","https://openalex.org/W106852000","https://openalex.org/W189691042","https://openalex.org/W311615115","https://openalex.org/W1523424232","https://openalex.org/W1556287207","https://openalex.org/W1562919358","https://openalex.org/W1905123373","https://openalex.org/W1970317990","https://openalex.org/W1971829580","https://openalex.org/W1979778427","https://openalex.org/W1982959038","https://openalex.org/W1986233392","https://openalex.org/W1988986648","https://openalex.org/W1995761768","https://openalex.org/W2003675931","https://openalex.org/W2004861922","https://openalex.org/W2007659485","https://openalex.org/W2013903483","https://openalex.org/W2018116768","https://openalex.org/W2021461331","https://openalex.org/W2022018227","https://openalex.org/W2025324799","https://openalex.org/W2028152502","https://openalex.org/W2028610004","https://openalex.org/W2028980577","https://openalex.org/W2034500662","https://openalex.org/W2039639066","https://openalex.org/W2041544120","https://openalex.org/W2051008582","https://openalex.org/W2051129192","https://openalex.org/W2059371137","https://openalex.org/W2059806709","https://openalex.org/W2060353946","https://openalex.org/W2063344234","https://openalex.org/W2066140997","https://openalex.org/W2071287065","https://openalex.org/W2072814803","https://openalex.org/W2073629140","https://openalex.org/W2086376247","https://openalex.org/W2089371778","https://openalex.org/W2092321618","https://openalex.org/W2154316292","https://openalex.org/W2265810450","https://openalex.org/W2312807852","https://openalex.org/W2319215195","https://openalex.org/W2396316585","https://openalex.org/W2406600183","https://openalex.org/W2414460477","https://openalex.org/W2417877927","https://openalex.org/W2441700145","https://openalex.org/W2467475680","https://openalex.org/W3016075101","https://openalex.org/W4233259398","https://openalex.org/W4237509872","https://openalex.org/W4239282289","https://openalex.org/W4255431309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105501846","https://openalex.org/W1843247178","https://openalex.org/W2153682274","https://openalex.org/W1823549119","https://openalex.org/W2129159506","https://openalex.org/W4206602771","https://openalex.org/W4400889859","https://openalex.org/W4291171967","https://openalex.org/W2025567713","https://openalex.org/W3008300880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"establish":[2],"what":[3],"is":[4,192],"known":[5],"about":[6],"the":[7,26,128,134,142,152,173,179,184,188,195,200],"role":[8],"of":[9,11,20,23,28,48,55,60,85,107,136,141,147,175,197],"feedback":[10,70,87,95],"statistical":[12,29],"information":[13,30,69,86,129,148,162,176,198],"in":[14,90,187,199],"changing":[15],"clinical":[16,65,72,91,101],"practice.":[17,92,120],"DESIGN:":[18],"Review":[19],"36":[21,57,153],"studies":[22,59],"interventions":[24,61],"entailing":[25],"use":[27,196],"for":[31,83,157,161,166],"audit":[32,167,185,201],"or":[33,73,168],"practice":[34,102],"review,":[35],"which":[36,56],"used":[37,165],"a":[38],"formal":[39],"research":[40],"design.":[41],"SUBJECTS:":[42],"Papers":[43],"identified":[44],"from":[45,71],"computer":[46],"searches":[47],"medical":[49],"and":[50,67,145,178],"health":[51,189],"service":[52],"management":[53],"publications,":[54],"describing":[58],"designed":[62],"to":[63,99,109,117,133,163],"influence":[64,100],"care":[66],"including":[68],"administrative":[74],"data":[75],"systems":[76],"were":[77,149,155],"reviewed.":[78],"MAIN":[79],"OUTCOME":[80],"MEASURES:":[81],"Evidence":[82],"effect":[84,124],"on":[88,182],"change":[89],"RESULTS:":[93],"Information":[94],"was":[96,105,125,130],"most":[97],"likely":[98],"if":[103,127],"it":[104,191],"part":[106],"strategy":[108],"target":[110],"decision":[111,137],"makers":[112],"who":[113],"had":[114],"already":[115],"agreed":[116],"review":[118],"their":[119],"A":[121],"more":[122],"direct":[123],"discernable":[126],"presented":[131],"close":[132],"time":[135],"making.":[138],"The":[139],"questions":[140],"optimum":[143],"layout":[144],"quantity":[146],"not":[150],"addressed;":[151],"papers":[154],"insufficient":[156],"defining":[158],"good":[159],"formats":[160],"be":[164,204],"quality":[169],"assurance.":[170],"CONCLUSIONS:":[171],"Given":[172],"cost":[174],"processing":[177],"current":[180],"emphasis":[181],"closing":[183],"loop":[186],"services,":[190],"important":[193],"that":[194],"process":[202],"should":[203],"critically":[205],"evaluated.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
