{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965723331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540230054035","title":"Occult Prostate Cancer in Men With Low Serum Testosterone Levels","display_name":"Occult Prostate Cancer in Men With Low Serum Testosterone Levels","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965723331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540230054035","mag":"1965723331","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8968017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540230054035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540230054035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540230054035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1965723331"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069888995","display_name":"Abraham Morgentaler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-4086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-4086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abraham Morgentaler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Urology, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. 02215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Urology, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161576472","display_name":"C O Bruning","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C O Bruning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161736054","display_name":"W C DeWolf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W C DeWolf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069888995"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":277,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95920689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"276","issue":"23","first_page":"1904","last_page":"1904"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10543","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11146","display_name":"Hormonal and reproductive studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occult-prostate-cancer","display_name":"occult prostate cancer","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testosterone-deficiency","display_name":"androgen deficiency","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-testosterone","display_name":"free testosterone","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-specific-antigen","display_name":"prostate-specific antigen","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psa-density","display_name":"PSA density","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-rectal-examination","display_name":"digital rectal examination","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-needle-biopsy","display_name":"prostate needle biopsy","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transrectal-ultrasound","display_name":"transrectal ultrasound","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-volume","display_name":"prostate volume","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gleason-score","display_name":"Gleason score","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-detection","display_name":"cancer detection","score":0.4169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780101318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594341","display_name":"Rectal examination","level":4,"score":0.9384059309959412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9366507530212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.8095310926437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.7462815046310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.6657389402389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.6642672419548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409450","display_name":"Prostate-specific antigen","level":4,"score":0.5568950176239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4657125771045685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781217009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4086927","display_name":"Prostate biopsy","level":4,"score":0.4498419761657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777911890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62614","display_name":"Androgen","level":3,"score":0.4141390025615692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.4105520248413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3927559554576874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.1327911615371704}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001707","descriptor_name":"Biopsy, Needle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009376","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013739","descriptor_name":"Testosterone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017430","descriptor_name":"Prostate-Specific Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540230054035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540230054035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540230054035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.276.23.1904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.276.23.1904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.276.23.1904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8968017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8968017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65565690","https://openalex.org/W85106080","https://openalex.org/W1455378812","https://openalex.org/W1560792540","https://openalex.org/W1969762458","https://openalex.org/W1975145253","https://openalex.org/W2005904869","https://openalex.org/W2006015626","https://openalex.org/W2007422108","https://openalex.org/W2052177869","https://openalex.org/W2057246540","https://openalex.org/W2073729444","https://openalex.org/W2110130030","https://openalex.org/W2132150935","https://openalex.org/W2154963879","https://openalex.org/W2155956052","https://openalex.org/W2330186243","https://openalex.org/W2330292521","https://openalex.org/W2335679869","https://openalex.org/W2418428608","https://openalex.org/W2418606207","https://openalex.org/W2419557956","https://openalex.org/W4293409643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536737482","https://openalex.org/W2130795076","https://openalex.org/W2988742416","https://openalex.org/W1983712096","https://openalex.org/W2741065305","https://openalex.org/W1989875913","https://openalex.org/W7216048348","https://openalex.org/W3017097720","https://openalex.org/W2127956896","https://openalex.org/W2341130139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2],"the":[3,105,146],"prevalence":[4,170],"of":[5,23,27,47,56,79,104,133,171,192,210],"occult":[6],"prostate":[7,69,80,85,158,173,211],"cancer":[8,98,124,147,174,212],"in":[9,101,109,177,213,233],"men":[10,35,111,122,178,214],"with":[11,36,44,72,123,151,179,215],"low":[12,37,180,216],"serum":[13,234],"total":[14,38,91,160,181,217],"testosterone":[15,18,39,42,94,161,165,184,220],"or":[16,40,59,116,135,163,182,218],"free":[17,41,93,164,183,219],"levels.":[19,95,236],"DESIGN:":[20],"Retrospective":[21],"analysis":[22],"a":[24],"consecutive":[25],"series":[26],"men.":[28],"SETTING:":[29],"Academic":[30],"teaching":[31],"hospital.":[32],"PATIENTS:":[33],"Seventy-seven":[34],"levels,":[43,221],"normal":[45,187],"results":[46,191],"digital":[48,193,201],"rectal":[49,194,202],"examination":[50,129,203],"and":[51,92,108,148,190,204,222],"prostate-specific":[52],"antigen":[53],"(PSA)":[54],"levels":[55,185,189,206,225],"4.0":[57],"ng/mL":[58],"less.":[60],"The":[61,118],"mean":[62],"age":[63,120],"was":[64,99,125,175],"58":[65],"years.":[66,127],"INTERVENTIONS:":[67],"Sextant":[68],"needle":[70,81],"biopsies":[71],"ultrasound":[73],"guidance.":[74],"MAIN":[75],"OUTCOME":[76],"MEASURES:":[77],"Results":[78],"biopsies,":[82],"transrectal":[83],"ultrasound,":[84],"volume,":[86,159],"PSA":[87,89,154,156,188,205,224],"level,":[88,155,162],"density,":[90,157],"RESULTS:":[96],"Prostate":[97],"identified":[100,176],"14%":[102],"(11/77)":[103],"entire":[106],"group":[107],"10":[110],"(29%)":[112],"aged":[113],"60":[114],"years":[115],"older.":[117],"median":[119],"for":[121,137],"64":[126],"Histologic":[128],"showed":[130],"Gleason":[131],"scores":[132],"6":[134],"7":[136],"all":[138],"cancers.":[139],"No":[140],"significant":[141],"differences":[142],"were":[143],"noted":[144],"between":[145],"benign":[149],"groups":[150],"regard":[152],"to":[153],"level.":[166],"CONCLUSIONS:":[167],"A":[168],"high":[169],"biopsy-detectable":[172],"despite":[186],"examination.":[195],"These":[196],"data":[197],"suggest":[198],"that":[199],"(1)":[200],"are":[207],"insensitive":[208],"indicators":[209],"(2)":[223],"may":[226],"be":[227],"altered":[228],"by":[229],"naturally":[230],"occurring":[231],"reductions":[232],"androgen":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
