{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965693196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2050265","title":"Real Wage, Labor Productivity, and Employment Trends in South Africa: A Closer Look","display_name":"Real Wage, Labor Productivity, and Employment Trends in South Africa: A Closer Look","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965693196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2050265","mag":"1965693196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2050265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2050265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2050265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2050265","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111541808","display_name":"Nir Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-3867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-3867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nir Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Monetary Fund (IMF), 700 19th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20431, United States","International Monetary Fund (IMF)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF), 700 19th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20431, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111541808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.5512999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.5512999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13399","display_name":"Unemployment and Economic Growth","score":0.29739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.0778999999165535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-wage-growth","display_name":"real wage growth","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity","display_name":"labor productivity","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-trends","display_name":"employment trends","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-crises","display_name":"financial crisis","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cointegration","display_name":"cointegration","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-tightness","display_name":"labor market tightness","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-markets","display_name":"emerging markets","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.9440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7251408100128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.6561459302902222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.6118158102035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5121300220489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6968784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193835","display_name":"Efficiency wage","level":3,"score":0.5083989500999451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1582874059677124}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2050265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2050265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2050265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3125498058","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:imf:imfwpa:12/92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2012/092","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=25825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033723104","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/12728-9781475502824/12728-9781475502824/12728-9781475502824.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2050265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2050265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2050265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122063460","https://openalex.org/W3128173073","https://openalex.org/W1569601912","https://openalex.org/W2004616516","https://openalex.org/W2994914234","https://openalex.org/W2297269845","https://openalex.org/W229041673","https://openalex.org/W2084718480","https://openalex.org/W7098536425","https://openalex.org/W316458636"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}