{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965643131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02651.x","title":"The Unintended Negative Consequences of Sympathy for the Stigmatized1","display_name":"The Unintended Negative Consequences of Sympathy for the Stigmatized1","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965643131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02651.x","mag":"1965643131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02651.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02651.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02651.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161350934","display_name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9029","issn":["0021-9029","1559-1816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019393532","display_name":"Bruce Evan Blaine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145402516","display_name":"Hope College","ror":"https://ror.org/03chnr738","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145402516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Blaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hope College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hope College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145402516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025628042","display_name":"Jennifer Crocker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-4647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-4647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Crocker","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York at Buffalo","State Univ. of New York at Buffalo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York at Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Univ. of New York at Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081775954","display_name":"Brenda Major","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-9464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-9464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brenda Major","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York at Buffalo","State Univ. of New York at Buffalo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York at Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Univ. of New York at Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019393532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145402516"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86808561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"10","first_page":"889","last_page":"905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12892","display_name":"Social Power and Status Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12948","display_name":"Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sympathy","display_name":"sympathy","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"stigma","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-esteem","display_name":"self-esteem","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-affect","display_name":"negative affect","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-motivation","display_name":"employee motivation","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attributional-ambiguity","display_name":"attributional ambiguity","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice","display_name":"prejudice","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"discrimination","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-impairment","display_name":"mobility impairment","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotypes","display_name":"stereotypes","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779115301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752118","display_name":"Sympathy","level":2,"score":0.9942357540130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.8066797256469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7822322845458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.7199620008468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6821942329406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5781339406967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.5132784843444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02651.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02651.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02651.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161350934","display_name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9029","issn":["0021-9029","1559-1816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7307999730110168,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W942347808","https://openalex.org/W1977654489","https://openalex.org/W2003277514","https://openalex.org/W2018255452","https://openalex.org/W2051650595","https://openalex.org/W2053294463","https://openalex.org/W2073234642","https://openalex.org/W2074618860","https://openalex.org/W2085136975","https://openalex.org/W2089016366","https://openalex.org/W2117857587","https://openalex.org/W2156206985","https://openalex.org/W2162676850","https://openalex.org/W2171166365","https://openalex.org/W2493206213","https://openalex.org/W2793626107","https://openalex.org/W4246464915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156206985","https://openalex.org/W1966092889","https://openalex.org/W7095484612","https://openalex.org/W4381929930","https://openalex.org/W2493206213","https://openalex.org/W1943245270","https://openalex.org/W2135073563","https://openalex.org/W2044221119","https://openalex.org/W2047982742","https://openalex.org/W2893457343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,108,156],"attitudes":[2],"toward":[3,12],"the":[4,13,28,34,58,99,109,117,124,127,138,151,163,173,181,186],"stigmatized":[5,14,35,62,139,182],"indicates":[6],"that":[7,30,36,85,116,145],"negative":[8,44,92,118,148],"feelings":[9,20],"and":[10,23,49,94,131,183],"stereotypes":[11],"are":[15,37,168],"often":[16],"mixed":[17],"with":[18],"positive":[19,31,177],"of":[21,60,77,104,111,120,172,188],"sympathy":[22,40,78,105,121,128,146,152],"concern.":[24],"Three":[25],"studies":[26],"investigate":[27],"hypothesis":[29],"outcomes":[32,178],"for":[33,46,79,126],"motivated":[38],"by":[39,137,162,180],"may":[41],"have":[42],"unintended":[43],"consequences":[45],"self\u2010esteem,":[47,90],"affect,":[48,93],"motivation.":[50],"Subjects":[51],"were":[52],"asked":[53],"to":[54,185],"imagine":[55],"themselves":[56],"in":[57,170],"position":[59],"a":[61,66,80],"person":[63],"who":[64],"received":[65],"job":[67,100],"either":[68,155],"because":[69],"he":[70],"or":[71,75,133,158],"she":[72],"was":[73,101],"qualified,":[74],"out":[76,103],"stigmatizing":[81,164],"condition.":[82,165],"Results":[83],"indicated":[84],"subjects":[86],"reported":[87],"lower":[88],"state":[89],"more":[91],"lowered":[95],"work":[96],"motivation":[97],"when":[98,150],"offered":[102],"rather":[106],"than":[107],"basis":[110,125],"qualifications.":[112],"Study":[113],"2":[114],"showed":[115,144],"effects":[119,149,187],"occur":[122],"whether":[123],"is":[129,153],"prejudice":[130],"discrimination":[132],"mobility":[134],"problems":[135,160],"faced":[136,179],"individual.":[140],"The":[141,166],"third":[142],"experiment":[143],"has":[147],"based":[154],"individual":[157],"group\u2010based":[159],"imposed":[161],"findings":[167],"discussed":[169],"terms":[171],"attributional":[174],"ambiguity":[175],"surrounding":[176],"applied":[184],"affirmative\u2010action":[189],"programs.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
