{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965564952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847712438137","title":"The Shadow Staff: Japanese Animators in the T\u014dh\u014d Aviation Education Materials Production Office 1939\u20131945","display_name":"The Shadow Staff: Japanese Animators in the T\u014dh\u014d Aviation Education Materials Production Office 1939\u20131945","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965564952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847712438137","mag":"1965564952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1746847712438137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847712438137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847712438137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81820863","display_name":"Animation","issn_l":"1746-8477","issn":["1746-8477","1746-8485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072283610","display_name":"Jonathan Clements","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Clements","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea Metropolitan University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea Metropolitan University, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088521153","display_name":"Barry Ip","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1972-7747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1972-7747"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry Ip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea Metropolitan University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea Metropolitan University, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.6187,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97896659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"189","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12803","display_name":"Cinema History and Criticism","score":0.7113999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12803","display_name":"Cinema History and Criticism","score":0.7113999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11198","display_name":"Japanese History and Culture","score":0.266400009393692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10758","display_name":"Cinema and Media Studies","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animators","display_name":"animators","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-education","display_name":"aviation education","score":0.40299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.789301872253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.6405816078186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.603054404258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5958682894706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.5809332728385925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.5808443427085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118130439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Anime","level":2,"score":0.5446155071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5154998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.4663284122943878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.400505930185318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3328824043273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.33118563890457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3207467198371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2000679075717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.18913409113883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14710494875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.11302739381790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10627084970474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.090119868516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1746847712438137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847712438137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847712438137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81820863","display_name":"Animation","issn_l":"1746-8477","issn":["1746-8477","1746-8485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W635469175","https://openalex.org/W640565423","https://openalex.org/W659518705","https://openalex.org/W1486671270","https://openalex.org/W1493641193","https://openalex.org/W1500632560","https://openalex.org/W1504570916","https://openalex.org/W2039227653","https://openalex.org/W2136885703","https://openalex.org/W2618760163","https://openalex.org/W4388377347","https://openalex.org/W4413829830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487984516","https://openalex.org/W7145316785","https://openalex.org/W2970011097","https://openalex.org/W2995180573","https://openalex.org/W4312737426","https://openalex.org/W1557171210","https://openalex.org/W3163802606","https://openalex.org/W3158106621","https://openalex.org/W2799764396","https://openalex.org/W7051486095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,14,27,46,80,84,90,112,138,143,159],"attention":[2],"paid":[3],"by":[4,39],"Japanese":[5,93,160],"animation":[6,21,161],"historians":[7],"to":[8,45,128],"cartoon":[9],"propaganda":[10],"films":[11,107],"made":[12,38],"during":[13],"Second":[15],"World":[16],"War,":[17],"twice":[18],"as":[19],"much":[20],"may":[22],"have":[23],"been":[24],"produced":[25],"in":[26,69,121],"period":[28],"for":[29,60,111,131],"military":[30],"instructional":[31],"films.":[32],"These":[33],"films,":[34],"now":[35],"lost,":[36],"were":[37],"a":[40,74],"group":[41],"of":[42,73,89,142,158],"animators":[43],"seconded":[44],"T\u014dh\u014d":[47],"Aviation":[48],"Education":[49],"Materials":[50],"Production":[51],"Office":[52],"(T\u014dh\u014d":[53],"K\u014dk\u016b":[54],"Ky\u014diku":[55],"Shiry\u014d":[56],"Seisaku-sho).":[57],"Occasionally":[58],"running":[59],"five":[61],"or":[62],"six":[63],"reels":[64],"(c.":[65],"48":[66],"minutes),":[67],"and":[68,86,92,125,140,149],"one":[70],"case":[71],"consisting":[72],"feature-length":[75],"eight":[76],"reels,":[77],"they":[78],"form":[79],"missing":[81],"link":[82],"between":[83],"one-":[85],"two-reel":[87],"shorts":[88],"1930s":[91],"animation\u2019s":[94],"first":[95],"feature,":[96],"Momotar\u014d":[97],"Umi":[98],"no":[99],"Shinpei":[100],"(1945,":[101],"Momotar\u014d\u2019s":[102],"Divine":[103],"Sea":[104],"Warriors).":[105],"The":[106],"included":[108],"tactical":[109],"tips":[110],"pilots":[113],"who":[114],"would":[115],"bomb":[116],"Pearl":[117],"Harbor,":[118],"short":[119],"courses":[120],"identifying":[122],"enemy":[123],"ships,":[124],"an":[126],"introduction":[127],"combat":[129],"protocols":[130],"aircraft":[132],"carrier":[133],"personnel.":[134],"This":[135],"article":[136],"reconstructs":[137],"content":[139],"achievement":[141],"Shadow":[144],"Staff":[145],"from":[146,153],"available":[147],"materials,":[148],"considers":[150],"its":[151],"exclusion":[152],"(and":[154],"restoration":[155],"to)":[156],"narratives":[157],"industry.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}