{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965537516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.249","title":"O1\u201005\u201303: Postmenopausal hormone therapy in mid\u2010life versus late life and risk of dementia","display_name":"O1\u201005\u201303: Postmenopausal hormone therapy in mid\u2010life versus late life and risk of dementia","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965537516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.249","mag":"1965537516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108427512","display_name":"Alzheimer s & Dementia","issn_l":"1552-5260","issn":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091019550","display_name":"Rachel A. Whitmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9511-6138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9511-6138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343052199","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente","ror":"https://ror.org/00t60zh31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachel A. Whitmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052785465","display_name":"Charles P. Quesenberry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-9126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-9126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343052199","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente","ror":"https://ror.org/00t60zh31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles P. Quesenberry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108714617","display_name":"Jufen Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343052199","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente","ror":"https://ror.org/00t60zh31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jufen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055337948","display_name":"Kristine S. Yaffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-3825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-3825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristine Yaffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Franicsco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Franicsco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091019550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"],"apc_list":{"value":4200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1406109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4S_Part_4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11146","display_name":"Hormonal and reproductive studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormone-replacement-therapy","display_name":"hormone replacement therapy","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-risk","display_name":"dementia risk","score":0.9559999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.7154530882835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7128431797027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177708","display_name":"Menopause","level":2,"score":0.5811737775802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780275930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628266","display_name":"Hormone therapy","level":4,"score":0.4802284836769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.45819979906082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.44049230217933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.34003862738609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3362254798412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2614988684654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.11825454235076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.10615694522857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.10400563478469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108427512","display_name":"Alzheimer s & Dementia","issn_l":"1552-5260","issn":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048182526","https://openalex.org/W2897001748","https://openalex.org/W4412649535","https://openalex.org/W4226391743","https://openalex.org/W4387876759","https://openalex.org/W2047143751","https://openalex.org/W7204268346","https://openalex.org/W2150229065","https://openalex.org/W4382363330","https://openalex.org/W2588583572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"previous":[1],"research":[2],"has":[3,19],"shown":[4],"use":[5,51,80,136,325,336],"of":[6,15,23,37,41,49,58,65,68,105,163,179,189,241,245,270,292,311,334,342],"postmenopausal":[7],"hormone":[8],"therapy":[9],"(HT)":[10],"in":[11,25,52,60,182,194,201,210,283,304,337],"late-life":[12,55,170,211,253,286,305,338],"increases":[13],"risk":[14,29,57,244,269,291,310,341],"dementia,":[16],"little":[17],"work":[18],"evaluated":[20,78,108,134],"the":[21,47,180,232,321],"effects":[22,48],"HT":[24,50,79,135,192,199,209,220,242,251,265,282,302,324,335],"mid-life":[26,53,158,165,168,183,202,250,264,284],"on":[27,35,56,137,219,243,259,263,281],"dementia":[28,59,106,140,230,246,271,293,312],"and":[30,92,111,169,174,203,213,285],"mechanisms":[31],"may":[32,329,339],"differ":[33],"based":[34],"timing":[36,240],"exposure.":[38],"The":[39,176],"objective":[40],"this":[42],"study":[43],"was":[44,107,184,236],"to":[45,139,256],"compare":[46],"versus":[54],"a":[61,87,267,288,307],"large":[62],"diverse":[63],"sample":[64],"female":[66],"members":[67],"an":[69,237],"integrated":[70],"health":[71,147],"care":[72],"delivery":[73],"system":[74],"(N=":[75],"5553).":[76],"We":[77],"between":[81,90,97],"ages":[82,98],"40\u201355":[83],"using":[84,100,115,301],"self-report":[85],"from":[86,118],"survey":[88],"conducted":[89],"1964\u20131973,":[91],"again":[93],"when":[94],"women":[95,181,190,225,257],"were":[96,152,217,227],"70\u201385":[99],"computerized":[101],"pharmacy":[102],"databases.":[103],"Risk":[104],"with":[109,142,229],"inpatient":[110],"outpatient":[112],"medial":[113],"records":[114],"ICD-9":[116],"codes":[117],"January":[119],"1,":[120],"1999":[121],"through":[122],"November":[123],"15th,":[124],"2007.":[125],"Cox":[126],"proportional":[127],"hazard":[128],"(age":[129],"as":[130],"time":[131,138],"scale)":[132],"models":[133],"diagnosis":[141],"censoring":[143],"for":[144,154,239],"death":[145],"or":[146],"plan":[148],"membership":[149],"lag.":[150],"Models":[151],"adjusted":[153,273],"age,":[155],"education,":[156],"race,":[157],"body":[159],"mass":[160],"index,":[161],"number":[162],"children,":[164],"smoking":[166],"status,":[167],"hypertension,":[171],"hyperlipidemia,":[172],"diabetes":[173],"stroke.":[175],"mean":[177],"age":[178],"49":[185],"years;":[186],"16%":[187],"(N=889)":[188],"used":[191,198,208],"only":[193,262,303],"mid-life,":[195],"13%":[196],"(N=727)":[197],"both":[200],"late-life,":[204],"17":[205],"%":[206,215],"(N=939)":[207],"only,":[212],"54":[214],"(N=2949)":[216],"not":[218],"at":[221],"either":[222],"time.":[223],"1524":[224],"(27%)":[226],"diagnosed":[228],"during":[231],"follow-up":[233],"period.":[234],"There":[235],"interaction":[238,248],"(p=.03,":[247],"term,":[249],"times":[252],"HT).":[254],"Compared":[255],"never":[258],"HT,":[260],"those":[261,280,300],"had":[266,287,306],"decreased":[268],"(multivariate":[272,294,313],"HR=0.88,":[274],"95%":[275,296,315],"confidence":[276],"interval":[277],"{CI},":[278],"0.73\u20131.0),":[279],"non-significant":[289],"elevated":[290],"HR=1.15,":[295],"CI":[297,316],"0.92\u20131.44),":[298],"&":[299],"40%":[308],"increased":[309],"HR=1.40":[314],"1.16\u20131.69).":[317],"These":[318],"findings":[319],"support":[320],"hypothesis":[322],"that":[323],"shortly":[326],"after":[327],"menopause":[328],"be":[330],"neuroprotective,":[331],"while":[332],"initiation":[333],"increase":[340],"dementia.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
