{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965453055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403078111","title":"Mycobacterial outer membrane is a lipid bilayer and the inner membrane is unusually rich in diacyl phosphatidylinositol dimannosides","display_name":"Mycobacterial outer membrane is a lipid bilayer and the inner membrane is unusually rich in diacyl phosphatidylinositol dimannosides","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965453055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403078111","mag":"1965453055","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24639491","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3977252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1403078111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403078111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403078111","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/13/4958.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1965453055"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/13/4958.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050508545","display_name":"Ritu Bansal\u2010Mutalik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ritu Bansal-Mutalik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086380170","display_name":"Hiroshi Nikaido","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Nikaido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.7207,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":264,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99296588,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"13","first_page":"4958","last_page":"4963"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.7387999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.7387999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10407","display_name":"Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior","score":0.23569999635219574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterial-cell-wall","display_name":"mycobacterial cell wall","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outer-membrane","display_name":"outer membrane","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inner-membrane","display_name":"inner membrane","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycolic-acids","display_name":"mycolic acids","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabinogalactan","display_name":"arabinogalactan","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-bilayers","display_name":"lipid bilayers","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-fluidity","display_name":"membrane fluidity","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistance","display_name":"drug resistance","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-smegmatis","display_name":"Mycobacterium smegmatis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-micellar-extraction","display_name":"reverse micellar extraction","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-wall-lipids","display_name":"cell wall lipids","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39944091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423279","display_name":"Lipid bilayer","level":3,"score":0.7092412114143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778106830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29548","display_name":"Cell membrane","level":3,"score":0.6663339138031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780610907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2273248","display_name":"Phosphatidylinositol","level":3,"score":0.638711154460907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.6003803014755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146587185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258248","display_name":"Bacterial outer membrane","level":4,"score":0.5849562287330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.5337021946907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192157962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087243","display_name":"Bilayer","level":3,"score":0.5136358141899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780183148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21099571","display_name":"Lipid II","level":4,"score":0.503034770488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107565407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815134","display_name":"Membrane lipids","level":3,"score":0.4751163125038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.46389272809028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142874826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5353574","display_name":"Elasticity of cell membranes","level":5,"score":0.45517849922180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4161854684352875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122398194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815129","display_name":"Membrane fluidity","level":3,"score":0.41604042053222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40425822138786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125235067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128700","display_name":"Cell wall","level":2,"score":0.39714881777763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2906034588813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76564549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154515","display_name":"Lipid bilayer phase behavior","level":4,"score":0.22080430388450623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.10454198718070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.10168859362602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776634448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206920","display_name":"Peptidoglycan","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000215","descriptor_name":"Acylation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002855","descriptor_name":"Chromatography, Thin Layer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004591","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005227","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008051","descriptor_name":"Lipid Bilayers","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008070","descriptor_name":"Lipopolysaccharides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008823","descriptor_name":"Micelles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009161","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010716","descriptor_name":"Phosphatidylinositols","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012996","descriptor_name":"Solutions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020102","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium smegmatis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1403078111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403078111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403078111","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/13/4958.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24639491","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24639491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3977252","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3977252/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1403078111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403078111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403078111","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/13/4958.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4581594592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 AI-009644-44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7829522573","display_name":"Biochemistry of Bacterial Cell Membranes","funder_award_id":"R01AI009644","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965453055.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965453055.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555809258","https://openalex.org/W1562400216","https://openalex.org/W1684260872","https://openalex.org/W1867652495","https://openalex.org/W1908103949","https://openalex.org/W1969559443","https://openalex.org/W1987273310","https://openalex.org/W1994745049","https://openalex.org/W2001328027","https://openalex.org/W2012506575","https://openalex.org/W2012579922","https://openalex.org/W2015893313","https://openalex.org/W2017513650","https://openalex.org/W2021085039","https://openalex.org/W2052775950","https://openalex.org/W2054419445","https://openalex.org/W2063525045","https://openalex.org/W2064545161","https://openalex.org/W2076180852","https://openalex.org/W2077513180","https://openalex.org/W2087324091","https://openalex.org/W2090416400","https://openalex.org/W2090939526","https://openalex.org/W2112695050","https://openalex.org/W2114685191","https://openalex.org/W2124547739","https://openalex.org/W2128944252","https://openalex.org/W2131310300","https://openalex.org/W2134139057","https://openalex.org/W2140981202","https://openalex.org/W2155164539","https://openalex.org/W2158545949","https://openalex.org/W2164020129","https://openalex.org/W2164718888","https://openalex.org/W2394596436","https://openalex.org/W6712424456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393132097","https://openalex.org/W4410785792","https://openalex.org/W4319986620","https://openalex.org/W2140981202","https://openalex.org/W3003748423","https://openalex.org/W4391656956","https://openalex.org/W4407435736","https://openalex.org/W1987273310","https://openalex.org/W2017988289","https://openalex.org/W4317851248"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mycobacterium":[0,6,93],"species,":[1],"including":[2],"the":[3,31,46,59,64,84,88,98,102,113,127,141,207,213],"human":[4],"pathogen":[5],"tuberculosis,":[7],"are":[8,160],"unique":[9],"among":[10],"Gram-positive":[11],"bacteria":[12],"in":[13,30,61,157],"producing":[14],"a":[15,26,38,79,106,191,197],"complex":[16],"cell":[17,32,85],"wall":[18,33,86],"that":[19,43,97,134,152],"contains":[20,105,185],"unusual":[21,164],"lipids":[22,91,148],"and":[23,76,87,204],"functions":[24],"as":[25,112],"permeability":[27],"barrier.":[28],"Lipids":[29],"were":[34],"hypothesized":[35],"to":[36,72,122,212],"form":[37],"bilayer":[39,198],"or":[40],"outer":[41,99,103,128],"membrane":[42,90,104,129,147,159,174],"would":[44],"prevent":[45],"entry":[47],"of":[48,58,82,92,101,109,117,145,154,172,180,200,209,218],"chemotherapeutic":[49],"agents,":[50],"but":[51],"this":[52,74,158,173,181],"could":[53],"not":[54],"be":[55],"tested":[56],"because":[57],"difficulty":[60],"extracting":[62],"only":[63],"cell-wall":[65,123],"lipids.":[66],"We":[67,95],"used":[68],"reverse":[69,138],"micellar":[70],"extraction":[71,136,144],"achieve":[73],"goal":[75],"carried":[77],"out":[78],"quantitative":[80],"analysis":[81],"both":[83],"inner":[89,114,146,170],"smegmatis.":[94],"found":[96,133],"leaflet":[100,115,171],"similar":[107],"number":[108],"hydrocarbon":[110,155],"chains":[111,156,189],"composed":[116,177],"mycolic":[118],"acids":[119],"covalently":[120],"linked":[121],"arabinogalactan,":[124],"thus":[125],"validating":[126],"model.":[130],"Furthermore,":[131],"we":[132],"preliminary":[135],"with":[137,149],"micelles":[139],"permitted":[140],"subsequent":[142],"complete":[143],"chloroform-methanol-water,":[150],"revealing":[151],"one-half":[153],"contributed":[161],"by":[162],"an":[163],"lipid,":[165],"diacyl":[166],"phosphatidylinositol":[167],"dimannoside.":[168],"The":[169],"likely":[175],"is":[176],"nearly":[178],"entirely":[179],"lipid.":[182],"Because":[183],"it":[184,194],"four":[186],"fatty":[187],"acyl":[188],"within":[190],"single":[192],"molecule,":[193],"may":[195,205],"produce":[196],"environment":[199],"unusually":[201],"low":[202],"fluidity":[203],"slow":[206],"influx":[208],"drugs,":[210],"contributing":[211],"general":[214],"drug":[215],"resistance":[216],"phenotype":[217],"mycobacteria.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
